Abstract: In one embodiment, a local content hub device in a network receives content for distribution to a plurality of nodes in the network. The content is sent to the local content hub via a wide area network (WAN) using bit index explicit replication (BIER) messaging. The local content hub device caches the content and multicasts the cached content to the plurality of nodes in the network. The local content device determines that at least one of the plurality of nodes in the network did not receive the multicast content. The local content device retransmits the content to at least one of the plurality of nodes in the network that did not receive the multicast content.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a local content hub device in a network receives content for distribution to a plurality of nodes in the network. The content is sent to the local content hub via a wide area network (WAN) using bit index explicit replication (BIER) messaging. The local content hub device caches the content and multicasts the cached content to the plurality of nodes in the network. The local content device determines that at least one of the plurality of nodes in the network did not receive the multicast content. The local content device retransmits the content to at least one of the plurality of nodes in the network that did not receive the multicast content.

Abstract: Methods and network devices are disclosed for failure protection in traffic-engineered bit indexed explicit replication networks. In one embodiment, a method includes determining a protected link or node in a network, where the protected link or node is included in a designated path to be taken by a message through the network to a destination node, the designated path is encoded in a message bit array carried by the message, and assigned bit positions in the message bit array represent respective network links along the designated path. The method further includes determining a backup path to the destination node from a feeder node adapted to forward a message carrying the message bit array into the protected link or node, and populating an entry in a path update table stored at the feeder node. In one embodiment a network device includes a network interface and a processor configured to carry out the methods.

Abstract: A hand held flat flashlight about the size of a cell phone with a 3.8 degree tightly focused light beam with a folded light path optic.

Abstract: A hand held flat flashlight about the size of a cell phone with a 3.8 degree tightly focused light beam angle with a folded light path optic.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network sends a first multicast message to a plurality of destinations in the network. The first multicast message includes a first bitmap that identifies the destinations. The device receives one or more acknowledgements from a subset of the destinations. The device determines a retransmission bitmap that identifies those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message, based on the received one or more acknowledgements. The device sends a retransmission multicast message to those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message. The retransmission multicast message includes the retransmission bitmap.

Abstract: Methods and network devices are disclosed for failure protection in traffic-engineered bit indexed explicit replication networks. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving at a node in a network a message comprising a message bit array, where bit positions in the message bit array correspond to respective links in the network. The method further includes evaluating a bit value at a bit position in the message bit array, where the bit position corresponds to a network link represented in a forwarding table for the node, checking for a failure state of the link represented in the forwarding table, and, responsive to a determination of a failure state of the link, modifying one or more bit values in the message bit array. In one embodiment a network device includes a network interface, a memory configured to store a forwarding table, and a processor configured to carry out the methods.

Abstract: Methods and network devices are disclosed for failure protection in traffic-engineered bit indexed explicit replication networks. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving at a node in a network a message comprising a message bit array, where bit positions in the message bit array correspond to respective links in the network. The method further includes evaluating a bit value at a bit position in the message bit array, where the bit position corresponds to a network link represented in a forwarding table for the node, checking for a failure state of the link represented in the forwarding table, and, responsive to a determination of a failure state of the link, modifying one or more bit values in the message bit array. In one embodiment a network device includes a network interface, a memory configured to store a forwarding table, and a processor configured to carry out the methods.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network sends a first multicast message to a plurality of destinations in the network. The first multicast message includes a first bitmap that identifies the destinations. The device receives one or more acknowledgements from a subset of the destinations. The device determines a retransmission bitmap that identifies those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message, based on the received one or more acknowledgements. The device sends a retransmission multicast message to those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message. The retransmission multicast message includes the retransmission bitmap.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network sends a first multicast message to a plurality of destinations in the network. The first multicast message includes a first bitmap that identifies the destinations. The device receives one or more acknowledgements from a subset of the destinations. The device determines a retransmission bitmap that identifies those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message, based on the received one or more acknowledgements. The device sends a retransmission multicast message to those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message. The retransmission multicast message includes the retransmission bitmap.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first node in a network receives one or more bitmaps from one or more child nodes of the first node according to a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Each of the one or more child nodes is associated with a corresponding unique bit position in the one or more bitmaps. The first node stores, in a forwarding table, the one or more bitmaps received from the one or more child nodes of the first node. The first node receives a message that includes a destination bitmap that identifies one or more destinations of the message via one or more set bits at bit positions associated with the one or more child nodes. The first node forwards the message towards the identified one or more destinations based on the destination bitmap and the one or more bitmaps stored in the forwarding table of the first node.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating reception of multiple representations of a video signal. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a mechanism for receiving plural representations of the video signal corresponding to plural decimated versions of the video signal, associating pictures of the received plural representations of the video signal, and outputting pictures corresponding to information from associated pictures in accordance with a relative temporal order.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating reception of multiple representations of a video signal. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a mechanism for receiving plural representations of the video signal corresponding to plural decimated versions of the video signal, associating pictures of the received plural representations of the video signal, and outputting pictures corresponding to information from associated pictures in accordance with a relative temporal order.

Abstract: A first sequence of pictures may be partitioned into plural representations, each of the plural representations may be encoded independently of each other with a common time base, a first portion of the plural encoded representations may be provided based on a first network condition, the first portion having a first bit-rate, and a second portion of the plural encoded representations may be provided having a second bit-rate different than the first bit-rate, wherein a switch from providing the first portion to providing the second portion is responsive to a second network condition different than the first network condition.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network sends a first multicast message to a plurality of destinations in the network. The first multicast message includes a first bitmap that identifies the destinations. The device receives one or more acknowledgements from a subset of the destinations. The device determines a retransmission bitmap that identifies those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message, based on the received one or more acknowledgements. The device sends a retransmission multicast message to those of the plurality of destinations that did not acknowledge the first multicast message. The retransmission multicast message includes the retransmission bitmap.

Abstract: Methods and network devices are disclosed for failure protection in traffic-engineered bit indexed explicit replication networks. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving at a node in a network a message comprising a message bit array, where bit positions in the message bit array correspond to respective links in the network. The method further includes evaluating a bit value at a bit position in the message bit array, where the bit position corresponds to a network link represented in a forwarding table for the node, checking for a failure state of the link represented in the forwarding table, and, responsive to a determination of a failure state of the link, modifying one or more bit values in the message bit array. In one embodiment a network device includes a network interface, a memory configured to store a forwarding table, and a processor configured to carry out the methods.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating reception of multiple representations of a video signal. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a mechanism for receiving plural representations of the video signal corresponding to plural decimated versions of the video signal, associating pictures of the received plural representations of the video signal, and outputting pictures corresponding to information from associated pictures in accordance with a relative temporal order.

Abstract: An apparatus for facilitating reception of multiple representations of a video signal. In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a mechanism for receiving plural representations of the video signal corresponding to plural decimated versions of the video signal, associating pictures of the received plural representations of the video signal, and outputting pictures corresponding to information from associated pictures in accordance with a relative temporal order.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a first node in a network receives one or more bitmaps from one or more child nodes of the first node according to a directed acyclic graph (DAG). Each of the one or more child nodes is associated with a corresponding unique bit position in the one or more bitmaps. The first node stores, in a forwarding table, the one or more bitmaps received from the one or more child nodes of the first node. The first node receives a message that includes a destination bitmap that identifies one or more destinations of the message via one or more set bits at bit positions associated with the one or more child nodes. The first node forwards the message towards the identified one or more destinations based on the destination bitmap and the one or more bitmaps stored in the forwarding table of the first node.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a method includes transmitting media from a source to a plurality of receivers in a first source-specific multicast (SSM) channel and transmitting from the source to said plurality of receivers, a channel change message in an in-band transport control protocol message identifying a second SSM channel, wherein the receivers are configured to join said second SSM channel in response to said channel change message.