Abstract: A digital phase error detector for locking to a color subcarrier signal in an analog video signal. The digital phase error detector includes a digitizer responsive to a sample clock which generates a first digital data stream from the analog video signal. Filtering circuitry filters the first digital data stream to generate a second data stream by substantially eliminating DC offset of the color subcarrier signal digitized by the digitizer. A mixer mixes the second digital data stream to generate a third digital data stream representing sum and difference frequencies of a product of the color subcarrier signal and a reference clock. An accumulator accumulates this product which represents a phase error between the color subcarrier signal and the reference clock. A voltage controlled oscillator is responsive to this phase error for generating the sample clock.

Abstract: A radar system includes a radar transceiver for generating transmit signals and for receiving signals reflected by targets. The radar system includes a mixer for combining the transmit signals and the reflected signals into a mixer signal. A radar signal processor includes a sampling device, connected to the mixer, for sampling the mixer signal and for generating a sampled mixer signal. A spectrum estimation device, connected to the sampling device, generates a range profile signal including a plurality of range bins each containing a magnitude of a spectral component. A threshold device, connected to the spectrum estimation device, generates a target space array from the range profile signal. A target decision device, connected to the threshold device, generates estimated range and speed signals for a closest target from the target space array.

Abstract: A compact radar sensor is provided. A monolithic millimeter wave integrated circuit (MMIC) transceiver is provided having a transmitter for transmitting a frequency modulated signal and a receiver for receiving reflected signals thereof. A microstrip patch antenna is provided for transmitting signals within a desired field and receiving the reflected signals from objects therein. A digital signal processor is further provided for analyzing the received signal and providing output signals therefrom.

Abstract: A probabilistic or stochastic artificial neuron in which the inputs and synaptic weights are represented as probabilistic or stochastic functions of time, thus providing efficient implementations of the synapses. Stochastic processing removes both the time criticality and the discrete symbol nature of traditional digital processing, while retaining the basic digital processing technology. This provides large gains in relaxed timing design constraints and fault tolerance, while the simplicity of stochastic arithmetic allows for the fabrication of very high densities of neurons. The synaptic weights are individually controlled by a backward error propagation which provides the capability to train multiple layers of neurons in a neural network.

Abstract: A television signal encoding and decoding system providing a line-spin scrambled video signal with substantially reduced amplitude gaps and line tilt and a digitally-encrypted audio signal that can be transmitted within the bandwidth limitations of a conventional NTSC television signal. The television signal encoding system, located at a television transmitter, includes a video and an audio encoder. The video encoder selectively line spin scrambles, reverses and inverts certain video lines or video line segments to generate a line-spin scrambled video signal having amplitude gaps less than some desired value. The audio encoder digitally encrypts the audio signal and modulates the encrypted audio signal with a three-level partial response waveform to generate and encrypted audio signal that can be transmitted within the bandwidth limitations of a conventional NTSC television signal. The television signal decoding system, located at a television receiver, includes a video and an audio decoder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus that compensates for line tilt in a video line scrambled by a line spin scrambling technique. Line spin scrambling provides relatively secure transmission of video signals, with a modest amount of complexity and cost. However, line spin scrambling suffers from certain distortions that corrupt the unscrambled video signal. One of these distortions is caused by line tilt, and results in a chaotic hashing of luminance striations in a received picture. The method of the invention includes the steps of measuring the amplitude of the line tilt introduced into a video signal, generating a complementary ramp based on the measured amplitude, and summing the complementary ramp with the spun video line.