Abstract: An apparatus for power conversion includes a switching network that controls interconnections between pump capacitors in a capacitor network that has a terminal coupled to a current source, and a charge-management subsystem. In operation, the switching network causes the capacitor network to execute charge-pump operating cycles during each of which the capacitor network adopts different configurations in response to different configurations of the switching network. At the start of a first charge-pump operating cycle, each pump capacitor assumes a corresponding initial state. The charge-management subsystem restores each pump capacitor to the initial state by the start of a second charge-pump operating cycle that follows the first charge-pump operating cycle.

Abstract: Circuits and methods for reducing lagging responses of a power converter to changes in circuit voltages or current, over-shoot/under-shoot when a target output voltage changes faster than the power converter's response, and open loop conditions. Embodiments include scanning a feedback voltage from a load powered by a voltage output by a power converter controlled by a PWM control signal; detecting an under-regulation condition; and, while the under-regulation condition is detected, increasing a clock signal rate to a counter outputting a count value usable to generate the PWM control signal. Embodiments include comparing a target output voltage to a signal representative of an output voltage of the power converter; indicating an under-shoot or over-shoot condition if the voltage difference exceeds a corresponding offset value; and limiting the range of values for an M-bit count value used to generate the PWM control signal to mitigate the under-shoot or over-shoot condition.

Abstract: In a power converter that includes a switched-capacitor circuit connected to a switched-inductor circuit, reconfiguration logic causes the switched-capacitor circuit to transition between first and second switched-capacitor configurations with different voltage-transformation ratios. A compensator compensates for a change in the power converter's forward-transfer function that would otherwise result from the transition between the two switched-capacitor configurations.

Abstract: An apparatus includes first and second pluralities of switches, a controller for controlling these switches, gate-drivers for driving switches from the first plurality of switches, and first and second terminals configured for coupling to corresponding first and second external circuits at corresponding first and second voltages. During operation, the controller causes the first plurality of switches to transition between states. These transitions result in the second voltage being maintained at a value that is a multiple of the first voltage. The controller also causes the second plurality of switches to transition between states. These transitions resulting in capacitors being coupled or decoupled from the second voltage. The gate drivers derive, from the capacitors, charge for causing a voltage that enables switches from the first plurality of switches to be driven.

Abstract: During its first and second residence times, corresponding first and second currents flow between a charge pump and a circuit that connects to one of the charge pump's terminals. Based on a feedback measurement from the charge pump, a controller adjusts these first and second currents.

Abstract: Various embodiments of charge adjustment techniques for a switched capacitor power converter are described. In one example embodiment, briefly, charge adjustment techniques may include a technique to operate a charge pump so as to reduce electrical transient effects that may occur during charge pump transition operation between a first steady state charge pump operation with respect to a first configuration gain mode and a second steady state charge pump operation with respect to a second configuration gain mode. In some instances, electrical transient effects may occur during charge pump transition operation, at least in part, from a selectable adjustment of charge pump configuration gain with respect to a configuration gain mode.

Abstract: Circuit embodiments for a switched-capacitor power converter, and/or methods of operation of such a converter, that robustly deal with various startup scenarios, are efficient and low cost, and have quick startup times to steady-state converter operation. Embodiments prevent full charge pump capacitor discharge during shutdown of a converter and/or rebalance charge pump capacitors during a startup period before switching operation by discharging and/or precharging the charge pump capacitors. Embodiments may include a dedicated rebalancer circuit that includes a voltage sensing circuit coupled to an output voltage of a converter, and a balance circuit configured to charge or discharge each charge pump capacitor towards a target steady-state multiple of the output voltage of the converter as a function of an output signal from the voltage sensing circuit indicative of the output voltage. Embodiments prevent or limit current in-rush to a converter during a startup state.

Abstract: An apparatus for power conversion includes a switching network that controls interconnections between pump capacitors in a capacitor network that has a terminal coupled to a current source, and a charge-management subsystem. In operation, the switching network causes the capacitor network to execute charge-pump operating cycles during each of which the capacitor network adopts different configurations in response to different configurations of the switching network. At the start of a first charge-pump operating cycle, each pump capacitor assumes a corresponding initial state. The charge-management subsystem restores each pump capacitor to the initial state by the start of a second charge-pump operating cycle that follows the first charge-pump operating cycle.

Abstract: Disclosed embodiments may include a power converter having a first and a second terminal, a charge pump power conversion circuit, and a protection circuit. The first terminal may be to receive an input voltage. The second terminal may be to output an output voltage. The charge pump power conversion circuit may be electrically coupled between the first terminal and the second terminal, and to convert the input voltage to the output voltage. The protection circuit may be electrically coupled to the charge pump power conversion circuit. The protection circuit may include a first switching device to, in response to a control signal, block a power flow from the first terminal to the second terminal, and from the second terminal to the first terminal.

Abstract: A switching network includes a switch, a driver for the switch, and a floating-regulator that powers the driver. The floating-regulator includes a shunt that is used only when testing the network. The shunt diverts biasing current so that it does not interfere with a measurement of an electrical property of a switch.

Abstract: Circuits and methods for reducing lagging responses of a power converter to changes in circuit voltages or current, over-shoot/under-shoot when a target output voltage changes faster than the power converter's response, and open loop conditions. Embodiments include scanning a feedback voltage from a load powered by a voltage output by a power converter controlled by a PWM control signal; detecting an under-regulation condition; and, while the under-regulation condition is detected, increasing a clock signal rate to a counter outputting a count value usable to generate the PWM control signal. Embodiments include comparing a target output voltage to a signal representative of an output voltage of the power converter; indicating an under-shoot or over-shoot condition if the voltage difference exceeds a corresponding offset value; and limiting the range of values for an M-bit count value used to generate the PWM control signal to mitigate the under-shoot or over-shoot condition.

Abstract: An apparatus includes first and second pluralities of switches, a controller for controlling these switches, gate-drivers for driving switches from the first plurality of switches, and first and second terminals configured for coupling to corresponding first and second external circuits at corresponding first and second voltages. During operation, the controller causes the first plurality of switches to transition between states. These transitions result in the second voltage being maintained at a value that is a multiple of the first voltage. The controller also causes the second plurality of switches to transition between states. These transitions resulting in capacitors being coupled or decoupled from the second voltage. The gate drivers derive, from the capacitors, charge for causing a voltage that enables switches from the first plurality of switches to be driven.

Abstract: Operating a charge pump in which switches from a first set of switches couple capacitor terminals to permit charge transfer between them and in which switches from a second set of switches couple capacitor terminals of capacitors to either a high-voltage or a low-voltage terminal includes cycling the switches through a sequence of states, each state defining a corresponding configuration of the switches. At least three of the states define different configurations of the switches. During each of the configurations, charge transfer is permitted between a pair of elements, one of which is a first capacitor and another of which is either a second capacitor or the first terminal.

Abstract: Circuits and methods for adding a Current Mode signal into a Voltage Mode controller for fixed-frequency DC-to-DC power converters. A current-controlled voltage source (CCVS) generates a voltage proportional to the power converter output current, which voltage is combined with a comparison signal generated by comparing a target output voltage to the actual output voltage. The modified comparison signal generates a pulse-width modulation control signal that regulates the power converter output as a function of output voltage and some portion of output current. With the addition of an inductor current signal into the controller Voltage Mode feedback loop, the double pole predominant in constant conduction mode (CCM) mode can be smoothed over to improve stability, while discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) loop response is largely unchanged with or without the added Current Mode signal. Embodiments enable simplified compensation while covering a wider operating range.

Abstract: During its first and second residence times, corresponding first and second currents flow between a charge pump and a circuit that connects to one of the charge pump's terminals. Based on a feedback measurement from the charge pump, a controller adjusts these first and second currents.

Abstract: A switching network includes a switch, a driver for the switch, and a floating-regulator that powers the driver. The floating-regulator includes a shunt that is used only when testing the network. The shunt diverts biasing current so that it does not interfere with a measurement of an electrical property of a switch.

Abstract: An apparatus includes first and second pluralities of switches, a controller for controlling these switches, gate-drivers for driving switches from the first plurality of switches, and first and second terminals configured for coupling to corresponding first and second external circuits at corresponding first and second voltages. During operation, the controller causes the first plurality of switches to transition between states. These transitions result in the second voltage being maintained at a value that is a multiple of the first voltage. The controller also causes the second plurality of switches to transition between states. These transitions resulting in capacitors being coupled or decoupled from the second voltage. The gate drivers derive, from the capacitors, charge for causing a voltage that enables switches from the first plurality of switches to be driven.

Abstract: An apparatus for power conversion includes a switching network that controls interconnections between pump capacitors in a capacitor network that has a terminal coupled to a current source, and a charge-management subsystem. In operation, the switching network causes the capacitor network to execute charge-pump operating cycles during each of which the capacitor network adopts different configurations in response to different configurations of the switching network. At the start of a first charge-pump operating cycle, each pump capacitor assumes a corresponding initial state. The charge-management subsystem restores each pump capacitor to the initial state by the start of a second charge-pump operating cycle that follows the first charge-pump operating cycle.

Abstract: Multi-level DC-to-DC converter circuits and methods that permit a full range of output voltages, including near and at zone boundaries. Embodiments alternate among adjacent or near-by zones, operating in a first zone for a selected time and then in a second zone for a selected time. Embodiments may include a parallel capacitor voltage balancing circuit that connects a capacitor to a source voltage to charge that capacitor, or couples two or more capacitors together to transfer charge, all under the control of real-time capacitor voltage measurements. Embodiments may include a lossless voltage balancing solution where out-of-order state transitions are allowed, thus increasing or decreasing the voltage across specific capacitors to prevent voltage overstress on the converter main switches. Restrictions may be placed on the overall sequence of state transitions to reduce or avoid transition state toggling, allowing each capacitor an opportunity to have its voltage steered as necessary for balancing.

Abstract: Operation of a charge pump is controlled to optimize power conversion efficiency by using an adiabatic mode with some operating characteristics and a non-adiabatic mode with other characteristics. The control is implemented by controlling a configurable circuit at the output of the charge pump.