Abstract: Methods and systems disclosed herein relate generally to processing images to estimate whether at least part of a tumor is represented in the images. A computer-implemented method includes accessing an image of at least part of a biological structure of a particular subject, processing the image using a segmentation algorithm to extract a plurality of image objects depicted in the image, determining one or more structural characteristics associated with an image object of the plurality of image objects, processing the one or more structural characteristics using a trained machine-learning model to generate estimation data corresponding to an estimation of whether the image object corresponds to a lesion or tumor associated with the biological structure, and outputting the estimation data for the particular subject.