Abstract: The present invention relates to a dietary product comprising ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA, H form), and/or one or more of its salts (i.e., ?-polyglutamate in Na+ form, ?-polyglutamate in K+ form, ?-polyglutamate in NH4+ form, ?-polyglutamate in Mg++ form, and ?-polyglutamate in Ca++ form) for use as a nutrition supplement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a moisturizer comprising ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA, H form), and/or one or more of its salts (i.e., ?-polyglutamate in Na+ form, ?-polyglutamate in K+ form, ?-polyglutamate in NH4+ form, ?-polyglutamate in Mg++ form, ?-polyglutamate in Ca++ form) and/or ?-polyglutamate hydrogel, wherein said moisturizer is used in cosmetic products or personal care products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing a heavy metal from and/or dissolving calcium and/or magnesium scales in water or an aqueous system comprising using ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA, H form), and/or one or more of its salts (i.e., ?-polyglutamate in Na+ form, ?-polyglutamate in K+ form, and ?-polyglutamate in NH4+ form) and/or ?-polyglutamate hydrogel as chelating agents for removing heavy metals and/or dissolving agents for removing calcium and/or magnesium scales from water or the aqueous system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a stable biodegradable, high water absorbable ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA) hydrogel by directly cross-linking (A) a ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA), a ?-polyglutamate, or a mixture thereof, and optionally a polysaccharide containing a carboxylic and/or carboxylate group, an amino acid, or a mixture thereof; and/or (B) a microbial culture broth containing a ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA), a ?-polyglutamate, or a mixture thereof, and optionally a polysaccharide containing a carboxylic and/or carboxylate group, an amino acid, or a mixture thereof, with a cross-linker comprising a compound having three or more functional groups or a mixture of a compound having three or more functional groups and a compound having two functional groups, wherein each of the functional groups can react with a carboxylic group (—COOH), carboxylate group (—COO?), aldehyde group (—CHO), hydroxyl (—OH), carbonyl group (—CO), sulfone group (—SO2), amino group (—NH2) or nitro gro

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a stable biodegradable, high water absorbable ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA) hydrogel by directly cross-linking (A) a ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA), a ?-polyglutamate, or a mixture thereof, and optionally a polysaccharide containing a carboxylic and/or carboxylate group, an amino acid, or a mixture thereof; and/or (B) a microbial culture broth containing a ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA), a ?-polyglutamate, or a mixture thereof, and optionally a polysaccharide containing a carboxylic and/or carboxylate group, an amino acid, or a mixture thereof, with a cross-linker comprising a compound having three or more functional groups or a mixture of a compound having three or more functional groups and a compound having two functional groups, wherein each of the functional groups can react with a carboxylic group (—COOH), carboxylate group (—COO?), aldehyde group (—CHO), hydroxyl (—OH), carbonyl group (—CO), sulfone group (—SO2), amino group (—NH2) or nitro gr

Abstract: The subject invention provides a method for enhancing the growth of crops, plants, or seeds, simultaneously strengthening plant stem and trunks, increasing the yields of crops, and improving the suppression of phytopathogenic diseases, which comprises applying a material containing ?-polyglutamic acid (“?-PGA,” H form) and/or its salt, a ?-polyglutamate hydrogel, a fermentation broth comprising ?-PGA, its salt and/or ?-polyglutamate hydrogel, or a mixture thereof to the crops, plants, or seeds, or fields for growing the crops, plants or seeds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for removing a heavy metal from and/or dissolving calcium and/or magnesium scales in water or an aqueous system comprising using ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA, H form), and/or one or more of its salts (i.e., ?-polyglutamate in Na+ form, ?-polyglutamate in K+ form, and ?-polyglutamate in NH4+ form) and/or ?-polyglutamate hydrogel as chelating agents for removing heavy metals and/or dissolving agents for removing calcium and/or magnesium scales from water or the aqueous system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dietary product comprising ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA, H form), and/or one or more of its salts (i.e., ?-polyglutamate in Na+ form, ?-polyglutamate in K+ form, ?-polyglutamate in NH4+ form, ?-polyglutamate in Mg++ form, and ?-polyglutamate in Ca++ form) for use as a nutrition supplement.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a moisturizer comprising ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA, H form), and/or one or more of its salts (i.e., ?-polyglutamate in Na+ form, ?-polyglutamate in K+ form, ?-polyglutamate in NH4+ form, ?-polyglutamate in Mg++ form, ?-polyglutamate in Ca++ form) and/or ?-polyglutamate hydrogel, wherein said moisturizer is used in cosmetic products or personal care products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a stable biodegradable, high water absorbable ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA) hydrogel by directly cross-linking (A) a ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA), a ?-polyglutamate, or a mixture thereof, and optionally a polysaccharide containing a carboxylic and/or carboxylate group, an amino acid, or a mixture thereof; and/or (B) a microbial culture broth containing a ?-polyglutamic acid (?-PGA), a ?-polyglutamate, or a mixture thereof, and optionally a polysaccharide containing a carboxylic and/or carboxylate group, an amino acid, or a mixture thereof, with a cross-linker comprising a compound having three or more functional groups or a mixture of a compound having three or more functional groups and a compound having two functional groups, wherein each of the functional groups can react with a carboxylic group (—COOH), carboxylate group (—COO?), aldehyde group (—CHO), hydroxyl (—OH), carbonyl group (—CO), sulfone group (—SO2), amino group (—NH2) or nitro group

Abstract: A high activity immobilized enzyme composite is prepared by covalently bonding a second enzyme layer to a first enzyme layer that is immobilized to a carrier. The carrier is preferably silica gel which has been activated by treatment with a strong base followed by treatment with a strong acid. The first enzyme layer is covalently bonded to the activated silica gel with an aminosilane and a polyfunctional reactant, and the second enzyme layer is covalently bonded to the first layer with a polyfunctional reactant. Third, fourth and more successive enzyme layers may be covalently bonded. The composite has high activity per unit volume, superior stability and good half-life.

Abstract: An improved immobilized enzyme composite is prepared by subjecting a siliceous carrier to an initial treatment with alkali, then acid, then reacting the carrier with an organosilane. The organosilane may then be coupled through a covalent coupling agent with an enzyme. The alkali-acid treatment provides an exceptionally high number of hydroxyl groups per unit volume, so that the treated carrier is especially useful in the preparation of high performance immobilized enzyme compositions, particularly by multi-layering immobilization, providing a very high amount of enzyme activity per unit volume. Multi-layering is accomplished by successive steps of bonding a difunctional covalent coupling agent to a previously immobilized enzyme layer, then bonding an additional layer of enzyme to the coupling agent. This may be repeated to apply as many layers as desired.