Abstract: An optical modulation and amplification apparatus, an optical module, an optical network unit, and an optical communication system are provided. The optical modulation and amplification apparatus includes an electric absorption modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier. The electric absorption modulator and the semiconductor optical amplifier share a same substrate and a same multi-layer material structure. The multi-layer material structure includes, from bottom to top, at least a first quantum well, an electron blocking layer, a second quantum well, and an upper separate confinement layer. The electric absorption modulator is configured to modulate injection light by using the first quantum well, and the semiconductor optical amplifier is configured to amplify the injection light by using the second quantum well.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide an apparatus including a semiconductor substrate having source regions and regions alternately arranged in a first direction; gate electrodes between the source regions and the drain regions; a first wiring layer including first conductive patterns covering the source regions and second conductive patterns covering the drain regions; first via conductors between the first conductive patterns and the source regions; second via conductors between the second conductive patterns and the drain regions; a second wiring layer over the first wiring layer, including third conductive patterns covering the first conductive patterns and fourth conductive patterns covering the second conductive patterns; third via conductors between the third conductive patterns and the first conductive patterns; and fourth via conductors between the fourth conductive patterns and the second conductive patterns.

Abstract: A laser chip includes a first power detector, a first controller, an optical splitter, a polarization splitter-rotator, a bandpass filter, and a slave laser. The optical splitter includes a first, a second, and a third port. The first port is configured to receive injection light of a master laser. The second port is connected to the first power detector. The optical splitter is configured such that the injection light enters the optical splitter through the first port, and is output to the polarization splitter-rotator through the third port. The polarization splitter-rotator is configured to perform optical splitting and polarization conversion on the injection light. The polarization splitter-rotator includes a first waveguide configured to transmit TE mode injection light after the injection light is split by the polarization splitter-rotator, and a second waveguide configured to transmit TM mode injection light after the injection light is split by the polarization splitter-rotator.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide an apparatus including a semiconductor substrate having source regions and regions alternately arranged in a first direction; gate electrodes between the source regions and the drain regions; a first wiring layer including first conductive patterns covering the source regions and second conductive patterns covering the drain regions; first via conductors between the first conductive patterns and the source regions; second via conductors between the second conductive patterns and the drain regions; a second wiring layer over the first wiring layer, including third conductive patterns covering the first conductive patterns and fourth conductive patterns covering the second conductive patterns; third via conductors between the third conductive patterns and the first conductive patterns; and fourth via conductors between the fourth conductive patterns and the second conductive patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus that includes a first wiring layer including first and second conductive patterns extending in a second direction and coupled to source and drain regions, respectively, and a second wiring layer including third and fourth conductive patterns extending in the second direction and coupled to the first and second conductive patterns, respectively. The first conductive pattern has first and second sections arranged in the second direction, and the second conductive pattern has third and fourth sections arranged in the second direction. The first and fourth sections are arranged in a first direction, and the second and third sections are arranged in the first direction. The third conductive pattern covers the first section without covering the second section. The fourth conductive pattern covers the third section without covering the fourth section.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include signal processing methods to precondition signals for transmission on a high speed bus. A preconditioning circuit is configured to receive a serialized data signal at an input node and to precondition the serialized output data signal to provide a preconditioned output signal at an output node. The pre-conditioning circuit may include a feedback circuit coupled between the input node and the output node that is configured to independently control both of a propagation delay between the output node and the input node and a magnitude of emphasis/de-emphasis applied to a signal at the output node for provision to the input node.

Abstract: An optical modulation and amplification apparatus, an optical module, an optical network unit, and an optical communication system are provided. The optical modulation and amplification apparatus includes an electric absorption modulator and a semiconductor optical amplifier. The electric absorption modulator and the semiconductor optical amplifier share a same substrate and a same multi-layer material structure. The multi-layer material structure includes, from bottom to top, at least a first quantum well, an electron blocking layer, a second quantum well, and an upper separate confinement layer. The electric absorption modulator is configured to modulate injection light by using the first quantum well, and the semiconductor optical amplifier is configured to amplify the injection light by using the second quantum well.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure include signal processing methods to precondition signals for transmission on a high speed bus. A preconditioning circuit is configured to receive a serialized data signal at an input node and to precondition the serialized output data signal to provide a preconditioned output signal at an output node. The preconditioning circuit may include a feedback circuit coupled between the input node and the output node that is configured to independently control both of a propagation delay between the output node and the input node and a magnitude of emphasis/de-emphasis applied to a signal at the output node for provision to the input node.

Abstract: A laser chip includes a first power detector, a first controller, an optical splitter, a polarization splitter-rotator, a bandpass filter, and a slave laser. The optical splitter includes a first, a second, and a third port. The first port is configured to receive injection light of a master laser. The second port is connected to the first power detector. The optical splitter is configured such that the injection light enters the optical splitter through the first port, and is output to the polarization splitter-rotator through the third port. The polarization splitter-rotator is configured to perform optical splitting and polarization conversion on the injection light. The polarization splitter-rotator includes a first waveguide configured to transmit TE mode injection light after the injection light is split by the polarization splitter-rotator, and a second waveguide configured to transmit TM mode injection light after the injection light is split by the polarization splitter-rotator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus that includes a first wiring layer including first and second conductive patterns extending in a second direction and coupled to source and drain regions, respectively, and a second wiring layer including third and fourth conductive patterns extending in the second direction and coupled to the first and second conductive patterns, respectively. The first conductive pattern has first and second sections arranged in the second direction, and the second conductive pattern has third and fourth sections arranged in the second direction. The first and fourth sections are arranged in a first direction, and the second and third sections are arranged in the first direction. The third conductive pattern covers the first section without covering the second section. The fourth conductive pattern covers the third section without covering the fourth section.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for pre-emphasis control are described. An example apparatus includes a pull-up circuit and a pull-down circuit. The pull-up circuit is configured to receive a pull-up data activation signal and drive a data terminal to a pull-up voltage responsive to an active pull-up data activation signal. The pull-down circuit is configured to receive a pull-down activation signal and drive a data terminal to a pull-down voltage responsive to an active pull-down data activation signal. The example apparatus further includes a pre-emphasis circuit that includes a pre-emphasis timing control circuit configured to provide a timing control signal, and further includes a logic circuit. A pre-emphasis control signal based on at least one of the pull-up and pull-down data activation signals is provided to control providing pre-emphasis having a timing based on a mode of operation.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for pre-emphasis control are described. An example apparatus includes a pull-up circuit and a pull-down circuit. The pull-up circuit is configured to receive a pull-up data activation signal and drive a data terminal to a pull-up voltage responsive to an active pull-up data activation signal. The pull-down circuit is configured to receive a pull-down activation signal and drive a data terminal to a pull-down voltage responsive to an active pull-down data activation signal. The example apparatus further includes a pre-emphasis circuit that includes a pre-emphasis timing control circuit configured to provide a timing control signal, and further includes a logic circuit. A pre-emphasis control signal based on at least one of the pull-up and pull-down data activation signals is provided to control providing pre-emphasis having a timing based on a mode of operation.