Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system that can receive a group of channels (at least one of which includes an I-frame) from a DSL network, a memory that can store the I-frames, and a channel change detector that can detect a user's selection of a particular channel. If the memory contains the I-frame corresponding to the particular channel and if an I-frame has not been received from the DSL network, then the system provides the stored I-frame from the memory to the user.

Abstract: A first data packet is sent through a system under measurement (SUM) from a sender side to a receiver side. A time distance d between the first data packet and a second data packet consecutive thereto in a packet flow is observed on the sender side. A value of d is written into a payload of the second data packet. The second data packet is sent through the SUM. The first data packet and the second data packet are received on the receiver side. A time difference D between the first data packet and the second data packet is observed on the receiver side. The value of d is extracted, at the receiver side, from the payload of the second data packet. The jitter is determined based on the value of d extracted from the payload of the second data packet and the value of the time difference D.

Abstract: A method for delivering targeted advertisement data to opt-in subscribers in an internet protocol television (IPTV) system is disclosed, the system comprising selecting an advertising target group of opt-in IPTV subscribers based on an advertiser's advertising target request; and multicasting an advertisement from an IPTV advertising server to the advertising target group. A system for performing the method is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method for delivering data via an internet protocol television (IPTV) network are disclosed. In a method disclosed, a first data packet of a first data stream is received. The method determines whether a corresponding second data packet of a second data stream has been forwarded. The corresponding second data packet includes a second payload substantially the same as a first payload of the first data packet. When the corresponding second data packet has not been forwarded, the method forwards the first data packet.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system that can receive a group of channels (at least one of which includes an I-frame) from a DSL network, a memory that can store the I-frames, and a channel change detector that can detect a user's selection of a particular channel. If the memory contains the I-frame corresponding to the particular channel and if an I-frame has not been received from the DSL network, then the system provides the stored I-frame from the memory to the user.

Abstract: A first data packet is sent through a system under measurement (SUM) from a sender side to a receiver side. A time distance d between the first data packet and a second data packet consecutive thereto in a packet flow is observed on the sender side. A value of d is written into a payload of the second data packet. The second data packet is sent through the SUM. The first data packet and the second data packet are received on the receiver side. A time difference D between the first data packet and the second data packet is observed on the receiver side. The value of d is extracted, at the receiver side, from the payload of the second data packet. The jitter is determined based on the value of d extracted from the payload of the second data packet and the value of the time difference D.

Abstract: A quantum dot vertical cavity surface-emitting laser has a low threshold gain. Top and bottom mirrors have a low mirror loss, with at least one of the mirrors being laterally oxidized to form semiconductor/oxide mirror pairs. In one embodiment, mode control layers reduce the optical field intensity in contact layers, reducing optical absorption. In one embodiment, delamination features are included to inhibit the tendency of laterally oxidized mirrors from delaminating.

Abstract: At least one user profile is created for at least one user. The profile may represent interests and trends of the user. A multimedia story is developed based on the user profile and a customized presentation of the multimedia story is generated. The customized presentation is displayed to the user in accordance with the delivery context.

Abstract: System and methods for creating and delivering interactive multimedia content that can dynamically adapt to at least one user. At least one user model is created for at least one user. The at least one user model represents interests and trends of the at least one user. A multimedia story is developed based on the at least one user model. A customized presentation of the multimedia story is generated. The at least one multimedia story allows for multiple presentations of the multimedia story. The customized presentation is displayed to the at least one user. The customized presentation is modified based on input from the at least one user.

Abstract: A quantum dot vertical cavity surface-emitting laser has a low threshold gain. Top and bottom mirrors have a low mirror loss, with at least one of the mirrors being laterally oxidized to form semiconductor/oxide mirror pairs. In one embodiment, mode control layers reduce the optical field intensity in contact layers, reducing optical absorption. In one embodiment, delamination features are included to inhibit the tendency of laterally oxidized mirrors from delaminating.