Abstract: Provided is the carbonyl heterocyclic compound shown in formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, capable of being used as a compound having a targeted lanthionine synthetase C-like protein 2 pathway and being used for the treatment of various conditions, including infectious diseases, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and chronic inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: A method for labeling target molecules coupled to particles for the detection of the target molecules using a microarray chip, comprises: providing a functionalized microparticle, wherein the microparticle is coated with one or more functional group; providing a modification group on each of the target molecules to be detected to form modified target molecules; contacting the functionalized microparticle with the modified target molecules; coupling a luminophore to the complex between the functionalized microparticle and the modified target molecules, thereby directly or indirectly labeling each modified target molecules with the luminophore. By directly or indirectly labeling the target molecules with the luminophore, the method reduces the cost of fluorescence detection, and avoids PCR inhibition derived from traditional fluorescence labeling molecules.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multi-sample and multi-locus method for analyzing a genetic locus. In particular, provided herein is a method for SNP detection and analysis based on high-throughput sequencing, comprising designing a probe, pre-amplification and biotin labeling, hybridization, ligation, barcode specific primer extension, sequencing and analyzing the SNP locus. A probe set is for the analysis is also provided.

Abstract: A method for labeling target molecules coupled to particles for the detection of the target molecules using a microarray chip, comprises: providing a functionalized microparticle, wherein the microparticle is coated with one or more functional group; providing a modification group on each of the target molecules to be detected to form modified target molecules; contacting the functionalized microparticle with the modified target molecules; coupling a luminophore to the complex between the functionalized microparticle and the modified target molecules, thereby directly or indirectly labeling each modified target molecules with the luminophore. By directly or indirectly labeling the target molecules with the luminophore, the method reduces the cost of fluorescence detection, and avoids PCR inhibition derived from traditional fluorescence labeling molecules.

Abstract: Provided herein is a multi-sample and multi-locus method for analyzing a genetic locus. In particular, provided herein is a method for SNP detection and analysis based on high-throughput sequencing, comprising designing a probe, pre-amplification and biotin labeling, hybridization, ligation, barcode specific primer extension, sequencing and analyzing the SNP locus. A probe set is for the analysis is also provided.

Abstract: A method for labeling target molecules coupled to particles for the detection of the target molecules using a microarray chip, comprises: providing a functionalized microparticle, wherein the microparticle is coated with one or more functional group; providing a modification group on each of the target molecules to be detected to form modified target molecules; contacting the functionalized microparticle with the modified target molecules; coupling a luminophore to the complex between the functionalized microparticle and the modified target molecules, thereby directly or indirectly labeling each modified target molecules with the luminophore. By directly or indirectly labeling the target molecules with the luminophore, the method reduces the cost of fluorescence detection, and avoids PCR inhibition derived from traditional fluorescence labeling molecules.

Abstract: In one aspect, a kit for detection of genetic gene mutation is provided, which is used for detecting nine deafness gene mutations of Caucasian populations, including GJB2 (c.35delG, c.167delT, c.132G>C, and c.269T>C), GJB6 (c.del309kb), SLC26A4 (c.707T>C and c.1246A>C), 12S rRNA (m.1555A>G and m.7444G>A). In another aspect, a method is provided, which method comprises labeling a target molecule with a luminophore, coupling the target molecule to a particle, and binding to a probe molecule on microarray. In some aspects, this technology, with high sensitivity, enables the detection and interpretation of molecular interactions in an efficient way.

Abstract: A microarray-based assay is provided, which is used for analyzing molecular interactions, including polynucleotides, polypeptides, antibodies, small molecule compounds, peptides and carbohydrates. Such method comprises coupling a target molecule to a particle and then binding to a probe molecule on microarray. In particular, multiplexed genetic analysis of nucleic acid fragments can be implemented. Specific genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms or gene mutations, such as deletions, insertions, and indels, can be identified. Coupled with microarray, the particles, themselves or further modified, facilitate the detection of results with non-expensive devices or even naked eyes. This technology enables the detection and interpretation of molecular interactions in an efficient and cost effective way.

Abstract: A method for labeling target molecules coupled to particles for the detection of the target molecules using a microarray chip, comprises: providing a functionalized microparticle, wherein the microparticle is coated with one or more functional group; providing a modification group on each of the target molecules to be detected to form modified target molecules; contacting the functionalized microparticle with the modified target molecules; coupling a luminophore to the complex between the functionalized microparticle and the modified target molecules, thereby directly or indirectly labeling each modified target molecules with the luminophore. By directly or indirectly labeling the target molecules with the luminophore, the method reduces the cost of fluorescence detection, and avoids PCR inhibition derived from traditional fluorescence labeling molecules.

Abstract: A microarray-based assay is provided, which is used for analyzing molecular interactions, including polynucleotides, polypeptides, antibodies, small molecule compounds, peptides and carbohydrates. Such method comprises labeling a target molecule with a luminophore, coupling the target molecule to a particle, and binding to a probe molecule on microarray. In particular, multiplexed genetic analysis of nucleic acid fragments can be implemented. Specific genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms or gene mutations, such as deletions, insertions, and indels, can be identified. This technology, with high sensitivity, enables the detection and interpretation of molecular interactions in an efficient way.

Abstract: Among others things, techniques, systems, and apparatus are disclosed for recording electrophysiological signals. In one aspect, a microelectrode sensing device includes a printed circuit board (PCB), a chip unit electrically connected to the PCB, and a cell culture chamber positioned over the chip unit and sealed to the PCB with the chip unit between the PCB and the cell culture chamber. The chip unit includes a substrate; a conductive layer positioned over the substrate that includes one or more recording electrodes; an insulation layer positioned over the conductive layer; another conductive layer positioned over the insulation layer that includes positioning electrodes; and another insulation layer positioned over the other conductive layer. The recording and positioning electrodes are electrically independent so as to independently receive a stimulus signal at each recording electrode and positioning electrode and independently detect a sensed signal at each recording electrode.

Abstract: A microelectrode sensing device includes a substrate and an array of microelectrode sensors. Each sensor includes a first conductive layer that at least partially conducts electricity. The first conductive layer is formed above the substrate and patterned to include a recording electrode that measures electrical activities of target cells. Each sensor also includes a second conductive layer that at least partially conducts electricity. The second conductive layer is elevated above the first layer and patterned to include multiple positioning electrodes arranged to define a sensing region above the recording electrode. The positioning electrodes are designed to generate an electric field pattern in the sensing region to move and confine the target cells to a sub-region of the sensing region that at least partially overlaps the recording electrode.

Abstract: A microarray-based assay is provided, which is used for analyzing molecular interactions, including polynucleotides, polypeptides, antibodies, small molecule compounds, peptides and carbohydrates. Such method comprises labeling a target molecule with a luminophore, coupling the target molecule to a particle, and binding to a probe molecule on microarray. In particular, multiplexed genetic analysis of nucleic acid fragments can be implemented. Specific genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms or gene mutations, such as deletions, insertions, and indels, can be identified. This technology, with high sensitivity, enables the detection and interpretation of molecular interactions in an efficient way.

Abstract: A microarray-based assay is provided, which is used for analyzing molecular interactions, including polynucleotides, polypeptides, antibodies, small molecule compounds, peptides and carbohydrates. Such method comprises coupling a target molecule to a particle and then binding to a probe molecule on microarray. In particular, multiplexed genetic analysis of nucleic acid fragments can be implemented. Specific genes, single nucleotide polymorphisms or gene mutations, such as deletions, insertions, and indels, can be identified. Coupled with microarray, the particles, themselves or further modified, facilitate the detection of results with non-expensive devices or even naked eyes. This technology enables the detection and interpretation of molecular interactions in an efficient and cost effective way.

Abstract: A microelectrode sensing device includes a substrate and an array of microelectrode sensors. Each sensor includes a first conductive layer that at least partially conducts electricity. The first conductive layer is formed above the substrate and patterned to include a recording electrode that measures electrical activities of target cells. Each sensor also includes a second conductive layer that at least partially conducts electricity. The second conductive layer is elevated above the first layer and patterned to include multiple positioning electrodes arranged to define a sensing region above the recording electrode. The positioning electrodes are designed to generate an electric field pattern in the sensing region to move and confine the target cells to a sub-region of the sensing region that at least partially overlaps the recording electrode.

Abstract: Among others things, techniques, systems, and apparatus are disclosed for recording electrophysiological signals. In one aspect, a microelectrode sensing device includes a printed circuit board (PCB), a chip unit electrically connected to the PCB, and a cell culture chamber positioned over the chip unit and sealed to the PCB with the chip unit between the PCB and the cell culture chamber. The chip unit includes a substrate; a conductive layer positioned over the substrate that includes one or more recording electrodes; an insulation layer positioned over the conductive layer; another conductive layer positioned over the insulation layer that includes positioning electrodes; and another insulation layer positioned over the other conductive layer. The recording and positioning electrodes are electrically independent so as to independently receive a stimulus signal at each recording electrode and positioning electrode and independently detect a sensed signal at each recording electrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for stimulating an animal cell and recording its physiological signal and methods of making and using thereof. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for stimulating an animal cell and recording its physiological signal that is efficient, convenient, and accurate. The apparatus for stimulating an animal cell and recording its physiological signal of the present invention comprises a poor conductive substrate, wherein on at least one surface of the substrate is provided at least one unit conductive polymer layer and at least one good conductive microelectrode.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for stimulating an animal cell and recording its physiological signal and methods of making and using thereof. The purpose of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for stimulating an animal cell and recording its physiological signal that is efficient, convenient, and accurate. The apparatus for stimulating an animal cell and recording its physiological signal of the present invention comprises a poor conductive substrate, wherein on at least one surface of the substrate is provided at least one unit conductive polymer layer and at least one good conductive microelectrode.