Abstract: A wheelset bearing for a rail vehicle includes a rolling bearing assembly (7) with three bearing rings (4, 8, 9), specifically two inner rings (4, 8) provided for connection to a wheelset shaft (2) and one outer ring (9) provided for connection to a housing (6). The rolling bearing assembly (7) is designed as a quadruple-row angular contact ball bearing in an O arrangement, and two rolling element rows (16, 17) are provided contacting a first inner ring (4) in order to absorb axial forces in a first direction and two rolling element rows (18, 19) are provided contacting a second inner ring (8) in order to absorb forces in the opposite axial direction. A rail vehicle with such an arrangement is also provided.