Abstract: A method for electrically contacting a piezoelectric ceramic includes: providing the piezoelectric ceramic having electrodes for electrically contacting the piezoelectric ceramic and having a flexible, electrically conductive film; producing a composite by applying the flexible, electrically conductive film at least partially to an electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic; forming a durable, electrically conductive connection between the flexible, electrically conductive film and the electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic. Also a sound transducer, as well as a sound transducer array produced using the method for electrically contacting a piezoelectric ceramic.

Abstract: A method for electrically contacting a piezoelectric ceramic includes: providing the piezoelectric ceramic having electrodes for electrically contacting the piezoelectric ceramic and having a flexible, electrically conductive film; producing a composite by applying the flexible, electrically conductive film at least partially to an electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic; forming a durable, electrically conductive connection between the flexible, electrically conductive film and the electrode of the piezoelectric ceramic. Also a sound transducer, as well as a sound transducer array produced using the method for electrically contacting a piezoelectric ceramic.

Abstract: A process for adjusting a magneto-resistive sensor having a pair of current contacts and a pair of voltage contacts to compensate an offset error, without additional components. The magneto-resistive sensor (10) is charged with a homogeneous, definitely oriented magnetic field, a defined control current (I) is applied between its current contacts (22, 24) and at least one of the voltage contacts (30, 32) is trimmed, for example, by a laser beam (38), during the measurement of a pseudo-Hall voltage across the voltage contacts.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring small displacements, either linear or angular, employ a pair of spaced "barber pole" or other magnetic field sensitive elements and a movable magnet, in which the exact position of the movable magnet is determined from the voltages sensed at the two elements. The voltages are evaluated in a circuit which produces a rectangular voltage or equivalent, in which the mark/space ratio equates to the position of the magnet between the two sensors.