Abstract: A speech analyzing stage (12) and a method for analyzing a speech signal is described. The speech analyzing stage (12) is part of an automatic speech recognition system (10) and is adapted for analyzing in the spectral domain a speech signal sampled at one of at least two different system sampling rates. The speech analyzing stage (12) comprises a first spectral analyzer (18a) for analyzing the speech signal up to a first frequency (flowest) which is preferably derived from the lowest system sampling rate (2×flowest) and a second spectral analyzer (18b) for analyzing the speech signal at least above the first frequency (flowest).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for a robust feature extraction for speech recognition in a noisy environment, wherein the speech signal is segmented and is characterized by spectral components. The speech signal is splitted into a number of short term spectral components in L subbands, with L=1, 2, . . . and a noise spectrum from segments that only contain noise is estimated. Then a spectral subtraction of the estimated noise spectrum from the corresponding short term spectrum is performed and a probability for each short term spectrum component to contain noise is calculated. Finally these spectral component of each short-term spectrum, having a low probability to contain speech are interpolated in order to smooth those short-term, spectra that only contain noise. With the interpolation the spectral components containing noise are interpolated by reliable spectral speech components that could be found in the neighborhood.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer dispersions containing polymers obtainable by free-radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers, and sugared starch, and the use thereof.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer dispersions containing polymers obtainable by free-radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers, and sugared starch, and the use thereof.

Abstract: A polymer powder obtained by drying an aqueous polymer dispersion, wherein the aqueous polymer dispersion is obtained by free-radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers and contains at least one added starch-degradation product which is obtained by hydrolysis in the aqueous phase, is water soluble at room temperature and has a weight average molecular weight M.sub.w of from 2500 to 25000.

Abstract: Aqueous polymer dispersions containing polymers obtainable by free-radical polymerization of unsaturated monomers, and sugared starch, and the use thereof.

Abstract: Aqueous pigment suspensions which are added to the stock suspension during papermaking and contain, as a dispersant, from 0.1 to 2% by weight, based on the pigment, of a copolymer which contains, as copolymerized units,(a) from 40 to 95% by weight of an ester of (meth)acrylic acid with a saturated monohydric C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alcohol or with a saturated dihydric C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alcohol and(b) from 60 to 5% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 -carboxylic acidand has a K value of from 10 to 65 (determined according to H. Fikentscher in 1% aqueous solution in the form of the ammonium salt at pH 9 and at 20.degree. C.), their preparation and their use.

Abstract: Polymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid are prepared by polymerizing acrylic acid and/or methacrylic acid at 50.degree.-180.degree. C. in a C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alcohol or mixtures thereof with water having a C.sub.2 -C.dwnarw.6.uparw.-alcohol content of not less than 40% by weight in the presence of free radical polymerization initiators and from 0.01 to 5% by weight, based on the monomers used, of inorganic acids of phosphorus in which the phosphorus has an oxidation number of from 1 to 4, or of water-soluble salts thereof, water-soluble --PO(OH).sub.2 -containing compounds and/or water-soluble salts thereof. The polymers thus prepared are effective milling aids and dispersants for pigments for producing aqueous pigment slurries for use in paper-coating compositions.

Abstract: The subject invention relates to compositions which are used as auxiliaries for pigment grinding and as dispersing agents for pigments. The compositions are essentially copolymers based upon acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, and sulfonic acid group containing monomers such as 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.

Abstract: An improved paper-coating composition containing, per 100 parts by weight of finely divided pigment, from 5 to 25 parts by weight of one or more copolymers, having a glass transition temperature of from -40.degree. to 50.degree. C., in the form of an aqueous dispersion, and from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of one or more water-soluble or water-swellable co-binders selected from the group comprising polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose ethers, starch, casein, alginates and high molecular weight carboxyl-containing emulsion polymers. The co-binder is added to the paper-coating composition in the form of a water-in-oil emulsion. Paper-coating compositions having high water retention are obtained, and papers coated with such compositions have improved water resistance.

Abstract: An improved paper coating composition containing, per 100 parts by weight of finely divided pigment, from 5 to 25 parts by weight of a copolymer A having a glass transition temperature of from -40.degree. to +50.degree. C. in the form of an aqueous dispersion and from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of a high molecular weight polymer B which is obtained by polymerizing water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers in a water-in-oil emulsion. Papers having improved water resistance are obtained.