Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electrolysis systems and methods. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods and systems for the utilization of carbon dioxide and production of carbon monoxide. For example, a method may include: passing an electrolyte and carbon dioxide in front of a cathode through a cathode chamber; and removing electrolysis byproducts from an electrolyte/electrolysis product mixture using a catalytic filter system. The cathode may include material to reduce carbon dioxide. The process may generate a hydrocarbon compound or carbon monoxide as the electrolysis product and a formate as an electrolysis byproduct. The filter system may include a functionalized complex or a functionalized support material which catalyzes a cleavage reaction of formates (a) to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, or (b) to water and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to electrochemical utilization of carbon dioxide. The teachings may be embodied in methods and electrolysis systems in which carbon dioxide is introduced into an electrolysis cell and reduced at a cathode. For example, a reduction method for carbon dioxide utilization by means of an electrolysis system may include: delivering carbon dioxide into a chamber containing a cathode; introducing a first material in the cathode chamber, enabling catalysis of a reduction reaction of carbon dioxide to a hydrocarbon compound or to carbon monoxide; and introducing a second material together with the electrolyte or a reactant/electrolyte mixture into the cathode chamber or metered separately into the cathode chamber. The second material enables cocatalysis of the reduction reaction by promoting charge transfer from the cathode to the first material.

Abstract: The present application relates to a material comprising a monoarylamine of a formula (A) and a p-dopant of a defined formula. The present application further relates to the use of said material in an organic layer of an electronic device, the device preferably being an organic electroluminescent device (OLED).

Abstract: The present invention relates to n-dopants for doping organic electron transport materials, wherein the n-dopants have at least one aminophosphazene group of formula 1 having 4 nitrogen atoms bonded to a phosphorus atom.

Abstract: An organic electron transport layer has at least one dopant for increasing the n-conductivity of the organic layer. The dopant is selected from the group of salts of cyclopentadiene compounds according to formula 1, wherein the substituents R1 to R2 are independently selected from the group containing —H, -D, halogen, —CN, —NO2, —OH, amine, ether, thioether, alkyl, cycloalkyl, acrylic, vinyl, allyl, aromatics, fused aromatics and heteroaromatics.

Abstract: An organic n-dopant for doping organic electron transport materials.

Abstract: A metal complex is disclosed. In an embodiment the metal complex includes at least one metal atom M and at least one ligand L attached to the metal atom M, wherein the ligand L has the following structure: wherein E1 and E2 are oxygen, wherein the substituent R1 is selected from the group consisting of branched or unbranched, fluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons with 1 to 10 C atoms, wherein n=1 to 5, wherein the substituent R2 is selected from the group consisting of —CN, branched or unbranched aliphatic hydrocarbons with 1 to 10 C atoms, aryl and heteroaryl, and wherein m=0 to at most 5?n.

Abstract: A method for producing an organic electronic component and an organic electronic component are disclosed. In an embodiment the component comprises at least one organic electronic layer having a matrix, wherein the matrix contains a metal complex as a dopant, wherein the metal complex comprises at least one metal atom M and at least one ligand L bonded to the metal atom M.

Abstract: An organic electronic component contains a substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode and at least one electron transport layer between the first and second electrode. The electron transport layer is a salt-like derivative of a phosphorus oxo compound as n-dopant.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in methods for burning a reaction gas with an electropositive metal. An method for generating energy may include: supplying a reaction gas and an electropositive metal separately to at least one nozzle; wherein the electropositive metal is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, aluminum, zinc, mixtures, and/or alloys thereof; burning the reaction gas with the electropositive metal; and coverting the reaction gas before or during burning at least temporarily into a plasma.

Abstract: An organic electronic component includes an organic functional layer having a p-dopant. The p-dopant includes a copper complex having at least one ligand containing an aryloxy group and an iminium group. Additionally specified are the use of a copper complex as a p-dopant and a process for producing a p-dopant.

Abstract: An organic electronic component and a method for making an organic electronic component with a p-dopant are disclosed. In an embodiment, the component includes a matrix containing a zinc complex as a p-dopant, the zinc complex containing at least one ligand L of the following structure: formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 can be oxygen, sulphur, selenium, NH or NR4 independently selected from one another, wherein R3 may comprise alkyl, long-chain alkyl, cycloalkyl, halogen-alkyl, aryl, arylene, halogen-aryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylene, heterocyclic-alkylene, heterocycloalkyl, halogen-heteroaryl, alkenyl, halogen-alkenyl, alkynyl, halogen-alkynyl, ketoaryl, halogen-ketoaryl, ketoheteroaryl, ketoalkyl, halogen-ketoalkyl, ketoalkenyl, halogen-ketoalkenyl, halogen-alkyl-aryl or halogen-alkyl-heteroaryl, and wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl and aryl which can be bonded to R3.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to power plants. The teachings thereof may be embodied in processes for producing ammonia and energy, e.g., a method for producing ammonia and energy comprising: spraying or atomizing an electropositive metal; burning the metal with a reaction gas; mixing the reacted mixture with water; separating the mixture into (a) solid and liquid constituents and (b) gaseous constituents; at least partially converting energy of the solid and liquid constituents and of the gaseous constituents; and separating ammonia from the gaseous constituents. Mixing the reacted mixture may include spraying or atomizing the water or the aqueous solution or the suspension of the hydroxide of the electropositive metal into the reacted mixture.

Abstract: Various embodiments may relate to an electronic structure, including at least one organic layer, at least one metal growth layer grown onto the organic layer, and at least one metal layer grown on the metal growth layer. The at least one metal growth layer contains germanium. Various embodiments further relate to a method for producing the electronic structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method of generating energy. The teachings thereof may be embodied in a method comprising: atomizing an electropositive metal; combusting the metal with a reaction gas; mixing the resulting combustion products with water, or an aqueous solution, or a suspension of a salt of the metal; separating a resulting mixture into (a) solid and liquid constituents and (b) gaseous constituents; at least partly converting energy from the separated constituents. Mixing the combustion products may include: atomizing liquid or gaseous water; or atomizing or nebulizing an aqueous solution or a suspension of a salt of the electropositive metal, into the reacted mixture.

Abstract: A mobile energy carrier with which energy in the form of materials from zones distributed widely throughout the world, for example with a large amount of solar energy, wind energy or other CO2-neutral energy, for example the equator, can be transported to zones where there is a high energy requirement, for example Europe.

Abstract: A method recovers an electropositive metal from a metal carbonate. In the method, hydrogen and halogen are combusted to form hydrogen halide. The solid metal carbonate is converted into metal chloride by a gaseous hydrogen halide. In an electrolysis, the metal chloride is decomposed into metal and halogen. The halogen produced in the electrolysis is led out of the electrolysis for combusting. Preferably, the hydrogen halide is produced by combusting the hydrogen and the halogen and the metal carbonate is converted into metal chloride in a fluidized bed reactor. Preferably, lithium is used as the metal.

Abstract: The device for charge carrier modulation is a current-controlled component, which has semiconductor layers arranged on top of each other. The organic semiconductor layers arranged on top of each other are an electron transport layer, which is arranged between a first and a second hole transport layer, and/or a hole transport layer, which is arranged between a first and a second electron transport layer. The respective central layer is the modulation layer having a contact for a modulation voltage. By applying a modulation voltage, a modulation current flow is generated over the modulation layer. The modulation current flow influences the component current flow which flows from the first into the second hole or electron transport layer via the respective modulation layer.

Abstract: A metal complex of a metal from groups 13 to 16 uses a ligand of the structure (I), where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can independently be oxygen, sulfur, selenium, NH or NR.sup.4, where R.sup.4 an alkyl or aryl and can be connected to R.sup.3. R.sup.3 is an alkyl, long-chain alkyl, alkoxy, long-chain alkoxy, cycloalkyl, halogenalkyl, aryl, arylene, halogenaryl, heteroaryl, heteroarylene, heterocycloalkylene, heterocycloalkyl, halogenheteroaryl, alkenyl, halogenalkenyl, alkynyl, halogenalkynyl, ketoaryl, halogenketoaryl, ketoheteroaryl, ketoalkyl, halogenketoalkyl, ketoalkenyl, halogenketoalkenyl, where in suitable radicals, one or more non-adjacent CH.sup.2-groups can be substituted independently of one another by —O—, —S—, —NH—, —NR.sup.o-, —SiR.sup.oR.sup.oo-, —CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —OCO—O—, —SO.sub.2-, —S—CO—, —CO—S—, —CY1?CY2 or —C.dbd.

Abstract: A method is provided for the combustion of an alloy of an electropositive metal using a fuel gas, wherein the electropositive metal may be selected from alkaline-, alkaline earth metals, aluminium and zinc, as well as mixtures thereof, and the alloy of the electropositive metal may inlcude at least two electropositive metals. According to the method, the alloy of the electropositive metal is combusted using the fuel gas.