Abstract: An amine is prepared by cleaving a carbamate of the formula I wherein R1=hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or phenyl group, R2=alkyl, aryl or phenyl group, wherein R1 and R2 are independently substituted or unsubstituted, wherein the cleaving of the carbamate is performed in the presence of an acid of the formula II wherein R3, R4 and R5 are independently alkyl or phenyl group, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are the same or different.

Abstract: A continuous process for decarboxylating carboxylic acids proceeds by I.) initially charging a carbonyl compound as a catalyst in a solvent at reaction temperature, to obtain a catalyst solution; II.) metering a carboxylic acid into the catalyst solution as an aqueous solution, aqueous suspension or as a water-comprising solid, to obtain a reaction mixture; and III.) continuously removing a mixture of CO2, solvent, water and a reaction product or mixture of reaction products from the reaction mixture as a vapor.

Abstract: A continuous process for decarboxylating carboxylic acids proceeds by I.) initially charging a carbonyl compound as a catalyst in a solvent at reaction temperature, to obtain a catalyst solution; II.) metering a carboxylic acid into the catalyst solution as an aqueous solution, aqueous suspension or as a water-comprising solid, to obtain a reaction mixture; and III.) continuously removing a mixture of CO2, solvent, water and a reaction product or mixture of reaction products from the reaction mixture as a vapor.

Abstract: A process for preparing diols or triols made up of a1) reacting at least one monoolefin having 4 to 20 carbon atoms with hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in the presence of water to form a mixture or a2) reacting at least one monoolefin alcohol having 4 to 20 carbon atoms first with formic acid, and then reacting the product formed thereby with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of water to form a mixture, b) removing, by distillation, the water and formic acid from the mixture obtained in a1) or a2), c) reacting the mixture obtained from b) with an aliphatic alcohol in the presence of a sulfonic acid to form the diol or triol and at least one formic ester by-product, and d) optionally removing, by distillation, the at least one formic ester by-product formed together with any residual at least one aliphatic C1-C4-alcohol to isolate the diol or triol.

Abstract: A process for isolating purified 2-methoxypropene from a mixture which comprises 2,2-dimethoxypropane, 2-methoxypropene, methanol, acetone, and optionally other carbonyl group-containing compounds, which process involves subjecting the mixture to distillation, adding 2-aminoethanol and at least one base as assistants in the distillation, and isolating purified 2-methoxypropene.

Abstract: A salt-free process for preparing cyclobutanone, including isomerizing cyclopropylmethanol, preferably in aqueous solution, in the presence of an acidic heterogeneous catalyst to form cyclobutanol and, preferably after extraction and removal of the extractant, dehydrogenating the cyclobutanol over a heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: A microencapsulated adhesive component, comprising a cross-linking constituent microencapsulated with a silanized polybutadiene, wherein the reactive constituent has been first reacted in the melt with cross-linking, thereby resulting in a cross-linkable hot-melt adhesive component for coating and/or laminating surface formations.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trialkoxyethane of formula (II): wherein R1 to R3, which may be the same or different, are alkyl, or any two of the alkyl groups taken together form a cyclic group, is prepared by reacting 1,1,1-trialkoxyethane with gaseous or liquid chlorine in the presence of alcohol solvent in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 20 wt %, based on the amount of 1,1,1-trialkoxyethane reactant.

Abstract: An acetal or a ketal are prepared by reacting a carbonyl compound and an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst and water. Water and alcohol are removed from the reaction mixture in an at least two-stage pervaporation or vapor permeation process using a plurality of membranes. Additional alcohol is fed into a retentate stream of at least one of the two stages. At least one of the plurality of membranes in the two-stage pervaporation or vapor permeation process is different from the other membranes in terms of selectivity behavior in the removal of water and alcohol.

Abstract: 2-Chloro-1,1,1-trialkoxyethane of formula (II): 1

Abstract: A process for preparing amino derivatives of C—H-acid compounds of the general formula I where R is an alkyl group, a cycloaliphatic radical, an aryl radical, an alkylaryl radical or an aralkyl radical, and X1 and X2 are identical or different electron-withdrawing groups, by reacting compounds of the general formula II with nitrous acid, where the nitrosation is carried out in the presence of from 1 to 10 mol of a carboxylic anhydride, and the reaction product is subjected to catalytic hydrogenation, where appropriate after removing the salts derived from the reaction. Compounds of the general formula I are useful intermediates for compounds which can be used in the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors.

Abstract: A microencapsulated adhesive component, comprising a cross-linking constituent microencapsulated with a silanized polybutadiene, wherein the reactive constituent has been first reacted in the melt with cross-linking, thereby resulting in a cross-linkable hot-melt adhesive component for coating and/or laminating surface formations.

Abstract: A process for preparing hydroxybenzoic esters of oxo alcohols, which comprises: esterifying a hydroxybenzoic acid with an oxo alcohol in the reaction mixture from the hydroformylation of olefins, which reaction medium contains various materials which are found in such a reaction medium, in the presence of an acid catalyst or transesterifying a hydroxybenzoic ester of a lower alcohol with an oxo alcohol under the same conditions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of macrocyclic esters or lactones in a two-stage reaction, which entails effecting linear oligomerization of monomers having a number of carbon atoms corresponding to the macrocycle and effecting cyclizing deoligomerization, wherein both steps are conducted in the presence of a complex compound of trivalent iron.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cyclic esters of the general formula: ##STR1## in which m is an integer from 6-14 and n is an integer from 2-6, which comprises heating a dicarboxylic acid bis(glycol) ester of the general formula:HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CO--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH, formula IIin which m and n are as defined above,(b) optionally, up to 100% by weight, based on the weight of ester II, of esters of the general formula:H[O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CO--].sub.x --O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH, formula IIIH[O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --O--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m CO--]X--OH and/orformula IVHO--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CO--[--O--(CH.sub.2).sub.n O--CO--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --CO--].sub.x --OH, formula Vin which m and n are as defined previously and x is an integer >1, and(c) a glycol of the general formula:HO--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --OH, formula VIin which n has the same numerical value as in formula I-V,(d) an inert high-boiling reaction medium, and(e) a catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing high-purity cyclopropyl methyl ketone from compositions which contain cyclopropyl methyl ketone, 4,5-dihydro-2-methylfuran, addition products of 4,5-dihydro-2-methylfuran by a continuous rectification process in which at least a portion of the composition to be purified is introduced into a rectification apparatus via a side feed located above the bottom portion of the apparatus.

Abstract: A method is provided for the preparation of 2-acetyl-.gamma.-butyrolactone by condensing .gamma.-butyrolactone with an acetic acid ester in the presence of a strongly basic condensation agent, followed by protonation of the initially formed enolate, wherein the .gamma.-butyrolactone, the acetic acid ester and the condensation agent are fed continuously into the reaction zone in a ratio of from 1.0 to 6.0 parts by mols of acetic acid ester and from 0.9 to 1.6 parts by mols of the strongly basic substance per part by mols of .gamma.-butyrolactone, and wherein the reaction mixture formed by condensation is withdrawn from the reaction zone, either batchwise or continuously, and protonated.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing diesters of higher .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic acids from cycloaliphatic ketones and carbonic diesters in the presence of a strongly basic agent, which involves continuously feeding a cycloaliphatic ketone having 8 to 20 ring members, at least an equimolar amount of a carbonic diester and a catalytic amount of a strongly basic agent to a reaction zone in which condensation occurs between the cycloaliphatic ketone and the carbonic diester to give the corresponding cyclic .beta.-keto acid ester enolate, which is then ring-opened by the released alcohol to give the .alpha.,.omega.-dicarboxylic diester and from which reaction mixture is continuously taken off.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of macrocyclic compounds by condensation of at least difunctional compounds and subsequent thermal depolymerization in the presence of catalysts, wherein thermal depolarization is carried out in solvent of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent identical or different aliphatic C.sub.1-6 hydrocarbon radicals with or without functional groups and having number average molecular weights (Mn) from 500 to 3,000, from which the value of n inevitably follows, at a pressure of less than 50 hPa and at a temperature of 200 to 300.degree. C., 5 to 1,000 parts by weight of solvent being used per part by weight of macrocyclic compound.