Abstract: Color image sensors and systems are provided. A color image sensor as disclosed includes a plurality of pixels disposed within an array, each of which includes a plurality of sub-pixels. A pixel array includes pixel cells, each pixel cell including one or more photodiodes. Pixel cells are arranged in rows and columns. The pixel array includes transistors for vertical binning of pixel cells in different rows and transistors for horizontal binning of pixel cells in different columns.

Abstract: Color image sensors and systems are provided. A sensor as disclosed includes a plurality of color sensing pixels disposed within an array, each of which includes a plurality of sub-pixels. Each color sensing pixel within the image sensor is associated with a set of diffraction features and a plurality of wavelength selective filters that only partially overlay an area of the pixel. The diffraction features can be formed from materials having an index of refraction that is higher than an index of refraction of the surrounding material. Color information regarding light incident on a pixel can be determined by applying ratios of signals obtained by pairs of included sub-pixels and calibrated ratios for different colors to a set of equations.

Abstract: Color image sensors and systems are provided. A sensor as disclosed includes a plurality of color sensing pixels disposed within an array, each of which includes a plurality of sub-pixels. Each color sensing pixel within the image sensor is associated with a set of diffraction features and a plurality of wavelength selective filters that only partially overlay an area of the pixel. The diffraction features can be formed from materials having an index of refraction that is higher than an index of refraction of the surrounding material. Color information regarding light incident on a pixel can be determined by applying ratios of signals obtained by pairs of included sub-pixels and calibrated ratios for different colors to a set of equations.

Abstract: Methods, sensors, and systems for determining a spectral band of light incident on one or more pixels are provided. Each pixel includes a set of sub-pixels. Light incident on an area of the pixel is diffracted by a set of diffraction elements, producing a diffraction pattern across the sub-pixels. Outputs from the sub-pixels are provided to application programming executed by a processor to produce an output that includes an indication of one of a plurality of spectral bands that the light incent on the pixel belongs. The application programming can implement a neural network that has been trained to assign the light incident on an area of a pixel to one spectral band in the plurality of spectral bands. The number of spectral bands to which light incident on the pixel can be assigned can be greater than the number of sub-pixels included in the pixel.

Abstract: Sensors and systems are provided. A sensor as disclosed includes a plurality of pixels disposed within an array. Each pixel is associated with a hyperspectral filter including a metamaterial and a metal grating capable of passing light of a particular wavelength range through to an image sensor. Systems include the use of an aluminum grating separated from a metamaterial including TiO2 and Si3N4 by a SiO2 coupling layer as a filter mounted on a substrate.

Abstract: Color image sensors and systems are provided. A color image sensor as disclosed includes a plurality of pixels disposed within an array, each of which includes a plurality of sub-pixels. A pixel array includes pixel cells, each pixel cell including one or more photodiodes. Pixel cells are arranged in rows and columns. The pixel array includes transistors for vertical binning of pixel cells in different rows and transistors for horizontal binning of pixel cells in different columns.