Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for improving the coating surface of a coating mass deposited on or applied to a paper web (8, 23) by a film press. An anionic aqueous coating mass or an anionic paper web are provided with an opposite electric charge by an electric charger, whereby the applied coating is attracted to the oppositely charged paper (8, 23) in a nip exit area of the film press. The electric charger is, for example, a corona generator (13, 17) or a direct current voltage source (9) that is connected to the paper (8, 23) and coating slip by electrodes (5, 5a, 7, 7a).

Abstract: The present invention relates to fuel/water emulsions essentially comprising 60 to 80% by weight of a fuel, 0.5 to 5% by weight of one or more water-soluble and gasoline-insoluble emulsifiers of the formulae A) R—O—(CH2CH2O)x—H where R is alkyl or alkenyl having in each case 8 to 18 carbon atoms or C9-C14-alkylphenyl and x is a number from 8 to 30, or B) HO—(C2H4O)x—(C3H6O)y—(C2H4O)z—H, in which the proportion of the ethylene oxide units is between 40 and 80% by weight of the molecular mass, or where x is a number between 8 and 30, and 1 to 10% by weight of a water-soluble and gasoline-insoluble poly(alkylene glycol) as stabilizer, also water and, if appropriate, other additives to 100% by weight. The emulsions according to the invention can be used for operating internal combustion engines.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates obtained by the reaction of a phyllosilicate, which is completely delaminated colloidally in water and is capable of cation exchange, with an organic onium salt in aqueous suspension and subsequent mechanical removal of the water, without drying by heating, as a rheological additive in organic media.The water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates are particularly suitable for coating paper.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a fine aqueous dispersion of an organophilic sheet silicate, consisting essentially of a sheet silicate capable of cation exchange and a quaternary organic onium salt reacted therewith, which dispersion comprises from 3 to 30% by weight, based on the organophilic sheet silicate, of a water-soluble, natural polymer and/or a derivative thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates obtained by the reaction of a phyllosilicate, which is completely delaminated colloidally in water and is capable of cation exchange, with an organic onium salt in aqueous suspension and subsequent mechanical removal of the water, without drying by heating, as a rheological additive in organic media. The water-containing organophilic phyllosilicates are particularly suitable for coating paper.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous fine dispersion of an organophilic sheet silicate which is composed of a sheet silicate which is capable of cation exchange and of a quaternary organic onium salt reacted therewith, and contains 3 to 30% by weight, based on the organophilic sheet silicate, of polyvinyl alcohol. This fine dispersion is suitable as coating composition for paper and board and as lubricant additive for conventional coating compositions.

Abstract: Pigments for the papermaking industry, in particular kaolin, are treated with a high molecular polymerizate that is solvated by means of carboxylate groups and belongs to an ethylenically unsaturated, radically polymerizable carboxylic acid as the binder. By gradually adding an acidifying agent the binder is coacervated and totally precipitated on the pigment. It is important that the quantity of the acidifying agent is limited in such a manner that the pigment retains a negative surface charge and the coacervate still contains water. With the pigment treated thus printing papers with increased pigment content and/or increased breaking strength can be manufactured.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the production of an agent suitable for the paper and board industry and improving the printability of paper and board, wherein an aqueous colloidal system is prepared from at least one pigment and at least one water-soluble or water-swellable hydrogel containing anionic groups, said system is subjected to coacervation by means of a quarternary organic ammonium salt and, if appropriate, the product obtained in the coacervation is concentrated by sedimentation, centrifuging and/or filter-pressing, to the agent produced and to the use thereof in the paper and board industry.

Abstract: A method for treating paper or other fibrous materials to improve the holdout characteristics of printing inks, lacquers and coating compositions. The method involves the application of an organophilic complex of(a) a water-insoluble hydrated cation-exchangeable film-forming smectitic layered silicate having an ion exchange capacity of at least 50 milliequivalents/100 g and(b) an organic radical derived from an onium compound attached thereto.The organophilic complex forms a barrier layer by reaction with the organic solvent contained in the printing ink, lacquer or other coating composition.

Abstract: An agent for improving the printability of paper and board, essentially comprising50 to 95% by weight of water, and5 to 50% by weight of a mixture ofI. 1 to 50% by weight of(a) an organic quaternary ammonium salt having at least one C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 -alkyl group,(b) a mixture of 50 to 99.5% by weight of an organic quaternary ammonium salt and 0.5 to 50% by weight of a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 -C.sub.22 -fatty acid, an oxidized wax or a polyglycol having a molecular weight of greater than 4,000, or(c) a mixture of 50 to 99.5% by weight of an organic amine which has been partly neutralized using a mineral acid or a lower carboxylic acid, and 0.5 to 50% by weight of a saturated or unsaturated C.sub.8 -C.sub.33 -fatty acid, an oxidized wax or a polyglycol having a molecular weight of greater than 4,000, andII. 50 to 99% by weight of a water-soluble or water-swellable polymer containing anionic groups.

Abstract: An uncoated paper web suitable for rotogravure printing with water-immiscible solvent-containing inks, the fibers of the web being partially or totally enveloped with a clay hydrogel, the clay being hydratable, colloidal and film-forming. The web provides superior printing results in rotogravure printing. A method for printing the web is disclosed.

Abstract: A donor material for carbonless copying by contact with an acceptor material under applied pressure includes a sheet of paper or the like, and a coating on one face of the sheet. The coating consists essentially of a dye precursor, a wax solid at 20.degree. C. and capable of dissolving the precursor, and a liquid activator soluble in the molten wax, but at most sparingly soluble in the solid wax and incapable of dissolving the dye precursor, the wax and activator being chemically inert to the dye precursor.

Abstract: In a donor material for carbonless copying which mainly consists of a carrier sheet and a multiplicity of frangible microcapsules containing a suitable dye precursor in a liquid medium and secured to one face of the sheet, spacer particles of soybean protein are interspersed in a relatively small amount between the microcapsules and project beyond the microcapsules away from the carrier sheet to protect the microcapsules against premature fracture.

Abstract: A disposable sheet to replace the rubber blanket of an offset printing machine basically consists of a flexible carrier sheet and a coating on one face of the sheet consisting essentially of a cellular latex of a synthetic elastomer free from inorganic fillers in more than incidental trace amounts and deriving its capability of receiving an inked image from partial cross linking.

Abstract: A recording sheet consisting mainly of fibrous material is capable of displaying a colored image when contacted under pressure with substantially colorless crystal violet lactone and similar dye precursors if at least 3% of the fibrous material is constituted by uniformly distributed asbestos fibers. Sheets having adequate strength for carbonless copying should not contain more than 30% asbestos fibers. Stronger colors are obtained if the sheet further contains a mixture of .gamma.-alumina and .gamma.-alumina precursors in an amount of 2% to 20% of the weight of the fibrous material, the mixture containing 1% to 30% water volatile at 1000.degree. C, and being converted substantially entirely to .gamma.-alumina when heated from 300.degree. to 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: Paper having adequate mechanical strength and stiffness for use in xerographic equipment at a very low weight is prepared from a stock containing untreated cellulose fibers as well as cellulose fibers stiffened by impregnation with melamine-formaldehyde precondensate or methylolurea, curing of the initially water-soluble resin, and reaction of the cured resin with polyvinyl alcohol or starch ether.

Abstract: A mixture of .gamma.-alumina and its precursors containing 1 to 30% water volatile at 1000.degree. C converts normally colorless dye materials such as crystal violet lactone, malachite green lactone, benzoyl leuco methylene blue and N-phenylleukauramine to the corresponding colored dyes upon contact, and improves the results achieved with recording material consisting essentially of a fibrous web and a pigment composition secured to the fibers of the web if the mixture amounts to at least 10% of the weight of the pigment composition. Particularly strong and stable colors are produced if the fibrous web is coated with a pigment composition prepared from an aqueous dispersion of the mixture and other pigments on which a basic compound is deposited from a water-soluble zinc salt by means of hydroxyl ions.