Abstract: Carbohydrate compositions for dialysis and methods of making and using them are provided.

Abstract: Method for operating a redundantly configured automation system which includes has a first subsystem, a second subsystem and a third subsystem, wherein a sequence program is implemented in each of the subsystems of the automation system and is executable in a runtime environment to fulfill automation tasks, and wherein a data memory is implemented in the subsystems in each of the automation systems, where the sequence program includes at least a first subprogram and a second subprogram, the data memory in each of the subsystems includes at least a first submemory and a second submemory, the first subprogram and the first submemory are synchronized with a first synchronization clock between the first and second subsystems, and the second subprogram and the second submemory are synchronized with a second synchronization clock between the first and third subsystems, and where the first and synchronization clocks differ from one another.

Abstract: A control system of a technical installation including at least one field device which makes available at least two redundant protocol values that are converted by the control system into a single non-redundant functional value is provided. The control system is provided with at least two redundant communication channels for converting the at least two redundant protocol values, the channels controlling the respective protocol value with respect to its exactitude and transmitting an exact protocol value.

Abstract: A device and a method for projecting field devices of a technical system, in particular a power plant system, into a control system of the technical system are provided. The device includes means for a computer-implemented display of two field devices as two data objects and means for a computer-implemented display of a connection between the two data objects of the two field devices.

Abstract: A central control and instrumentation system with a plurality of functional modules interconnected by data transmission is provided. The functional modules are monitored by a central control module. Functional modules with a data output after completing a predefined number of action cycles, which are specific to each module, allow a provision of a fast motion functionality for simulation purposes and are subjected to a correction parameter of the number of action cycles for a user-controlled variation of the respective cycle to be completed.

Abstract: A device and a method for projecting field devices of a technical system, in particular a power plant system, into a control system of the technical system are provided. The device includes means for a computer-implemented display of two field devices as two data objects and means for a computer-implemented display of a connection between the two data objects of the two field devices.

Abstract: A central control and instrumentation system with a plurality of functional modules interconnected by data transmission is provided. The functional modules are monitored by a central control module. Functional modules with a data output after completing a predefined number of action cycles, which are specific to each module, allow a provision of a fast motion functionality for simulation purposes and are subjected to a correction parameter of the number of action cycles for a user-controlled variation of the respective cycle to be completed.

Abstract: A control system of a technical installation including at least one field device which makes available at least two redundant protocol values that are converted by the control system into a single non-redundant functional value is provided. The control system is provided with at least two redundant communication channels for converting the at least two redundant protocol values, the channels controlling the respective protocol value with respect to its exactitude and transmitting an exact protocol value.