Abstract: A method for breeding a small-grain male-sterile rice line and a simple method for producing a hybrid rice seed are provided. The method for breeding the small-grain sterile rice line includes the following steps: crossing a female parent C815S with a male parent Qigui B to obtain a hybrid seed F1; planting the F1 and crossing the F1 with a female parent H155S to obtain a crossed hybrid seed F1?; planting the crossed hybrid seed F1? to obtain a F2? generation; planting an individual plant with ideal plant type, strong tillering, plant dwarf and small grain type from the F2? generation and a F3? generation, and then directional breeding more than two generations to obtain a seed with more than F5? generation as the small-grain sterile rice line.

Abstract: A method for breeding a small-grain male-sterile rice line and a simple method for producing a hybrid rice seed are provided. The method for breeding the small-grain sterile rice line includes the following steps: crossing a female parent C815S with a male parent Qigui B to obtain a hybrid seed F1; planting the F1 and crossing the F1 with a female parent H155S to obtain a crossed hybrid seed F1; planting the crossed hybrid seed F1? to obtain a F2? generation; planting an individual plant with ideal plant type, strong tillering, plant dwarf and small grain type from the F2? generation and a F3? generation, and then directional breeding more than two generations to obtain a seed with more than F5? generation as the small-grain sterile rice line.

Abstract: Turbocharger systems and related methods and devices are provided for determining rotational speed of a turbocharger. A speed sensing device is mounted to a turbocharger and includes an acceleration sensing arrangement and an acoustic sensing arrangement. The speed sensing device outputs an acceleration-based speed value as the current turbo speed when the acceleration-based speed is stable, and otherwise outputs an acoustic-based speed value to as the current turbo speed if the acoustic-based speed value stable or outputs an estimated value as the current turbo speed when both of the acceleration-based and acoustic-based speeds are unstable. In exemplary embodiments, the acceleration sensing arrangement and the acoustic sensing arrangement are provided on a common substrate.

Abstract: A battery capacity grading circuit includes a power supply, a first switch module, an inductor, a sampling module, a battery, a first control module, a second control module, and a second switch module. The first switch module is electrically coupled with the power supply, the inductor and the first control module. The sampling module is electrically coupled with inductor, the second switch module, and the first control module. The second switch module is electrically coupled with the battery and the second control module. The battery is electrically coupled with first control module. The second control module is electrically coupled with the first control module. The power supply charges the battery through the first switch module, the inductor, the sampling module, and the second switch module. The battery discharges to the power supply through the second switch module, the sampling module, the inductor, and the first switch module.

Abstract: Turbocharger systems and related methods and devices are provided for determining rotational speed of a turbocharger. A speed sensing device is mounted to a turbocharger and includes an acceleration sensing arrangement and an acoustic sensing arrangement. The speed sensing device outputs an acceleration-based speed value as the current turbo speed when the acceleration-based speed is stable, and otherwise outputs an acoustic-based speed value to as the current turbo speed if the acoustic-based speed value stable or outputs an estimated value as the current turbo speed when both of the acceleration-based and acoustic-based speeds are unstable. In exemplary embodiments, the acceleration sensing arrangement and the acoustic sensing arrangement are provided on a common substrate.