Abstract: The invention relates to a method for determining an output temperature of a fluid after flowing through a PTC heater with a PTC heating element. In the method a current of the PTC heating element, a supply voltage of the PTC heating element and a duty cycle of the supply voltage are determined, and the output temperature of the fluid is calculated based on the current (I), the supply voltage and the duty cycle (PWM). The invention also relates to a PTC heater for carrying out the method.

Abstract: An operating method for an electric heater may include heating a fluid passing the electric heater to an outlet temperature by at least one heating element and operating the electric heater in one of a normal mode or a protection mode. In the normal mode, the at least one heating element may be supplied with at least one of a direct current and a direct voltage. In the protection mode, electrical power supplied to the at least one heating element may be regulated by pulse width modulation. The electric heater may be operated in the normal mode if a reference temperature is less than or equal to a critical temperature and in the protection mode if the reference temperature is greater than the critical temperature.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a connector system, e.g., for connecting an electrical component with a circuit board. The connector system includes an electrical heater-function-component having an electrical component-contact-surface for an electrical connection of the electrical heater-function-component. A circuit-board having an electrical board-contact surface is provided for an electrical connection of the circuit-board. A connector assembly connects the heater-function-component with the circuit-board. The connector assembly is arranged at the electrical component-contact-surface and the electrical board-contact-surface for connecting the heater-function-component with the circuit-board.

Abstract: A method for regulating a heater including at least one heating element having a temperature-dependent electrical resistance is disclosed. The method may include determining, with a regulating unit of the heater, a current heating behaviour of the heating element based on a time profile of the resistance of the heating element. The heating element may exhibit (i) an NTC heating behaviour at temperatures below a transition temperature, (ii) a PTC heating behaviour at temperatures above the transition temperature, and (iii) a transition between the NTC heating behaviour and the PTC heating behaviour at the transition temperature and a resistance minimum. The method may further include determining, with the regulating unit, at least one input parameter for the heating element based on the current heating behaviour. The method may also include regulating, with the regulating unit, the heating element via the at least one input parameter.

Abstract: An electrical adapter for electrically connecting a control unit of a heating device to an electric energy source and to an electrical signal source. The adapter may include a support, an electrical signal line, a first electrical supply line, a second electrical supply line, and a filter device. The signal line and the supply lines may be embedded in a plastic material of the support. Ends of the signal line may merge into a signal input connection and into a signal output connection. Ends of the supply lines may merge into a first and second electrical supply input connection and into a first and second electrical supply output connection. The filter device may be configured to filter an electric supply current conducted via the supply lines. The filter device may include a first and second electrical filter connection via which the filter device is electrically connected to the supply lines.

Abstract: An electric heating device for, e.g., a motor vehicle, includes a heating module including at least one electric heating element that, in operation, generates heat when it is electrically supplied, a control housing of metal or alloy that delimits a control volume, and a power electronic, arranged in the control volume, for electrically supplying the heating module. The heating module includes an outer cover that surrounds the at least one electric heating element in a circumferential direction. The control housing has a pass opening through which a longitudinal end of the heating module is passed. The heating module is electrically connected to the power electronic in the control housing. A sealing arrangement is arranged in the pass opening between an inner jacket of the pass opening and the outer cover.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a connector system, e.g., for connecting an electrical component with a circuit board. The connector system includes an electrical heater-function-component having an electrical component-contact-surface for an electrical connection of the electrical heater-function-component. A circuit-board having an electrical board-contact surface is provided for an electrical connection of the circuit-board. A connector assembly connects the heater-function-component with the circuit-board. The connector assembly is arranged at the electrical component-contact-surface and the electrical board-contact-surface for connecting the heater-function-component with the circuit-board.

Abstract: An operating method for an electric heater having at least one control unit with at least one temperature sensor measuring a reference temperature, and at least one heating element having a positive temperature coefficient mode above a critical temperature and a negative temperature coefficient mode below the critical temperature, may include heating a fluid passing the electric heater to an outlet temperature by the at least one heating element, and operating the electric heater in one of a normal mode or a protection mode. In the normal mode, the at least one heating element may be supplied with at least one of a direct current and a direct voltage. In the protection mode, electrical power supplied to the at least one heating element may be regulated by pulse width modulation. The electric heater may be operated in the normal mode if the reference temperature is less than or equal to the critical temperature, and in the protection mode if the reference temperature is greater than the critical temperature.