Abstract: A non-aqueous type magnesium oxygen battery including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a non-aqueous magnesium ion conductor, and a promoter is described. The negative electrode is configured to absorb magnesium and release magnesium ion. The positive electrode is configured to produce a discharge product that includes magnesium and oxygen during a discharge process of the battery. The non-aqueous magnesium on conductor is between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The promoter is included with the positive electrode. The promoter is configured to promote MgO2 (magnesium peroxide) production during the discharge process of the battery.

Abstract: A non-aqueous type magnesium oxygen battery including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a non-aqueous magnesium ion conductor, and a promoter is described. The negative electrode is configured to absorb magnesium and release magnesium ion. The positive electrode is configured to produce a discharge product that includes magnesium and oxygen during a discharge process of the battery. The non-aqueous magnesium on conductor is between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The promoter is included with the positive electrode. The promoter is configured to promote MgO2 (magnesium peroxide) production during the discharge process of the battery.

Abstract: A rechargeable magnesium oxygen battery, which can be recharged with high efficiency, including a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and an electrolyte catalyst. The negative electrode is configured to release magnesium ions during discharge of the battery, and configured to precipitate elemental magnesium during charging of the battery. The positive electrode is configured to precipitate discharge products that include at least magnesium and oxygen during discharge of the battery, and for releasing magnesium ions during charging of the battery. The electrolyte catalyst is between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The electrolyte catalyst can be any suitable compound configured to facilitate adsorption of at least one of the electrolyte catalyst and anions thereof on the discharge product.