Abstract: A simplified fuel cell is disclosed for producing electricity which can include a sealed chamber having a first and second electrode separated from each other, wherein the first electrode includes an anode and the second electrode includes a cathode. The fuel cell also includes a load circuit disposed outside of the chamber and in electrical communication with the anode, and flowable ionizable matter disposed within the chamber, wherein the anode causes the flowable ionizable matter to ionize and produce electrons to move to the load circuit and return to the cathode. In addition, the fuel cell also includes a second proton circuit, wherein the ionization at the anode also produces positively charged ions moving to the cathode from the second proton circuit. A carrier fluid carries the positively charged ions traveling therein, wherein returning electrons and positively charged ions combine at the cathode, thereby reforming the flowable ionizable matter.

Abstract: A fuel cell, comprising an electrolyte body and, embedded within it, at least two separate electrodes capable of conducting electrons; the electrodes being sufficiently porous to allow gas flow through them; one electrode being an electrically negative anode and the other electrode being an electrically positive cathode, and the electrolyte body being capable of carrying charged particles between the anode and cathode; the anode and cathode being electrically connected to form an electrical circuit.

Abstract: A fuel cell, comprising an electrolyte body and, embedded within it, at least two separate electrodes capable of conducting electrons; the electrodes being sufficiently porous to allow gas flow through them; one electrode being an electrically negative anode and the other electrode being an electrically positive cathode, and the electrolyte body being capable of carrying charged particles between the anode and cathode; the anode and cathode being electrically connected to form an electrical circuit.

Abstract: In a self-sharpening blade having a cutting edge, the combination comprising a layered structure, the structure including a relatively harder first layer with relatively higher wear resistance extending to the blade cutting edge, and the structure also including a second layer characterized by relatively lesser hardness and lesser wear resistance and located at one side of the first layer.

Abstract: A method for the manufacture of articles such as heat exchangers, heat absorbers, thermal skins, rocket engine components and the like which method comprises providing a substrate or mold, etching or cutting cooling channels therein, filling said channels and processing to form a part which is then fabricated into the final article. In the production method a unique filler or core material comprising a strontium composition is utilized thus rendering a product of high quality and net-shape finish.

Abstract: In a self-sharpening blade having a cutting edge, the combination comprising a layered structure, the structure including a relatively harder first layer with relatively higher wear resistance extending to the blade cutting edge, and the structure also including a second layer characterized by relatively lesser hardness and lesser wear resistance and located at one side of the first layer.

Abstract: The process of forming a part from laminae of powders of materials such as metals, ceramics, intermetallics and composites of such materials, that include forming laminae; forming a stack of the laminae characterized as having a configuration from which a part is to be formed; heating the stack to consolidation temperature, and applying pressure to the heated stack to consolidate the laminae in the stack.

Abstract: An infant supporting mattress or pad, comprising in combination a liquid permeable fibrous pad core, and a high permeability cover extending about the pad core, and in contact therewith, to wick liquid passing through the cover away from the cover, the cover including strands of material defining a cover porous texture, the texture characterized as freely passing aqueous liquid of a viscosity between 0.03 and 0.09 poise through open work, and into the core.

Abstract: A method for joining a first metal surface to a second metal surface that includes providing powder metal particles substantially all of which have hardnesses lower than the hardnesses of the first and second metal surfaces, at normal temperatures; locating the particles in a layer between the first and second metallic surfaces, to form an assembly; heating the assembly to an elevated temperature or temperatures below the softening temperature of the first and second metallic surfaces; and effecting compression of the layer by and between the first and second surfaces at a pressure level or levels below the compressive yield strengths of the first and second surfaces, and above the compressive yield strengths of the particles, and for a time duration to effect a bond between the first and second metallic surfaces.

Abstract: This invention provides a light weight seeding sheet consisting of a flexible reticulate sheet, such as plastic mesh or burlap cloth, permeable by blades of vegetative crops, a bonding agent applied to one side of the reticulate sheet holds a uniform distribution of particles of fertilizers, seeds, and other plant growth additives in pre-measured amounts per unit area of the reticulate sheet. Seeds, fertilizers, and other chemical additives may be covered with a water soluble or a water dispersible parting means, such as a tissue paper or a water soluble polymer film. The parting means prevents sticking of the bonding agent to the unseeded face of the reticulate sheet when the light weight seeding sheet is wound into a roll. Because the light weight seeding sheet thus constructed does not contain any fillers, it is very flexible and may be easily cut to shape, is light weight, and simplifies planting. Many rolls of the sheet sufficient to cover large areas may be easily transported.

Abstract: A system and a method for recording and monitoring of dietary consumption by a consumer is disclosed. The system consists of a computer for storing and processing nutritional information of the type used for diet control, a real time clock for maintaining current date record, a product code entry terminal or a bar code reader for inputting product identification information, a read-write unit adapted to receive one or more integrated circuit (IC) cards of the smart card type having memory and a microprocessor for reading and writing nutritional information into and from a smart card, a printer for printing nutritional information, and optionally an electric display for displaying such information. Consumer inserts his/her personalized smart card into card reader writer before a purchase transaction starts at a food store or a restaurant check-out counter.

Abstract: A method of cladding an internal cavity surface of a metal object is disclosed. The method includes the steps:(a) applying a powder metal layer on said internal surface, the metal powder including metal oxide or oxides, borides and carbides,(b) filling a pressure transmitting and flowable grain into said cavity to contact said layer,(c) and pressurizing said grain to cause sufficient pressure transmission to the powder metal layer to consolidate same.

Abstract: A method of cladding an internal cavity surface of a metal object is disclosed. The method includes the steps:(a) applying a powder metal layer on said internal surface, the metal powder including metal oxide or oxides, borides and carbides,(b) filling a pressure transmitting and flowable grain into said cavity to contact said layer,(c) and pressurizing said grain to cause sufficient pressure transmission to the powder metal layer to consolidate same.

Abstract: A method of forming a deformable body to desired shape includes the steps(a) providing a bed of flowable particles within a contained zone,(b) relatively positioning said particles adjacent one side of said body,(c) and pressuring said bed to cause pressure transmission via said particles to said body, thereby to deform the body into desired shape.

Abstract: The method of forming a cutter, which includes a core and a wear resistant insert defining a body means which includes(a) applying to the body means a mixture of:(i) wear resistant metallic powder, and(ii) binder(b) volatilizing the binder,(d) and applying pressure to the body means and powdered metal, at elevated temperature to consolidate same.

Abstract: A method of cladding an internal cavity surface of a metal object is disclosed. The method includes the steps:(a) applying a powder metal layer on said internal surface, the metal powder including metal oxide or oxides, bordides and carbides,(b) filling a pressure transmitting and flowable grain into said cavity to contact said layer,(c) and pressurizing said grain to cause sufficient pressure transmission to the powder metal layer to consolidate same.

Abstract: A roller bit cutter comprises:(a) a tough, metallic generally conical and fracture resistant core having a hollow interior, the core defining an axis,(b) an annular metallic radial bearing layer carried by said core at the interior thereof to support the core for rotation, said bearing layer extending about said axis,(c) an impact and wear resistant metallic inner layer on the core, at the interior thereof, to provide an axial thrust bearing, and(d) hard metallic inserts having anchor portions carried by the core and partly embedded therein, the inserts protruding outwardly at the exterior of the core to define cutters, at least some of the inserts spaced about said axis,(e) and a wear resistant outer metallic layer on the exterior of said core.

Abstract: A cladding process is disclosed wherein hard carbide cutter inserts, as well as polycrystalline diamond composites, are metallurgically bonded into an exterior core of a rock bit cone or a drag bit body. The cladding is bonded onto the exterior surface of the core of the cone or the drag bit by a powder metallurgy process. A thin layer or coating of a suitable metal, preferably nickel, is provided on, for example, the carbide inserts, prior to mounting into the core. The coating prevents degradation of the carbide through loss of carbon into the core during the powder metallurgy process and accommodates mismatch of thermal expansion between the cutter insert and the core.

Abstract: A roller bit cutter comprises a tough, metallic, generally conical and fracture resistant core having a hollow interior, the core defining an axis; an annular, metallic, radial bearing layer carried by the core at the interior thereof to support the core for rotation, the bearing layer extending about the core axis; a wear resistant outer metallic layer on the exterior of the core; metallic teeth integral with the core and protruding outwardly therefrom, at least some of the teeth spaced about the axis; and an impact and wear resistant layer on each tooth to provide hard cutting edges as the bit cutter is rotated about the core.