Abstract: A method of establishing a connection between network elements is disclosed, in which, when a network element is newly connected, it enters a first mode (the seek mode), in which it attempts to establish the required network connections. In the first mode, the network element continuously sends short messages, once in each time slot. The second mode of operation of the network elements (the standby mode), in which they already have established connections, involves listening for such messages being sent from newly connecting network elements. On detection of such a message, therefore, the already connected network element sends a reply message to the newly connected network element, and the two network elements establish a connection between them.

Abstract: A method of establishing a connection between network elements is disclosed, in which, when a network element is newly connected, it enters a first mode (the seek mode), in which it attempts to establish the required network connections. In the first mode, the network element continuously sends short messages, once in each time slot. The second mode of operation of the network elements (the standby mode), in which they already have established connections, involves listening for such messages being sent from newly connecting network elements. On detection of such a message, therefore, the already connected network element sends a reply message to the newly connected network element, and the two network elements establish a connection between them.

Abstract: A combination switch including a time slot switch and a router for receiving circuit-switched and Internet Protocol packet data.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for surface mounting of components (201) on a support (106). The arrangement comprises a positioning device )102, 103, 104) for holding and moving the components to a mounting position relative to the support. A centering arrangement of two components (203, 204) movable towards and from each other and disposed to center the component from opposite sides concurrently with its movement to the mounting position is provided. The centering arrangement (203, 204) comprises two centering electrodes (300, 310) which are designed with recesses (301, 302, 305, 306) which are adapted to the form and the size of the different component types to be mounted. The centering electrodes moreover comprise electric contact members (307, 308, 706) which are intended to connect the component to an equipment for measuring its electrical properties.

Abstract: A cassette magazine for a component mounting machine. This machine comprises a driving member (34) for a number of reels (7) which are insertable into the magazine and which carry components enclosed in a carrier tape (2) wound on each reel. The reels are arranged in standing position in one or more parallel rows (9,10) transversely to the feeding direction of the tape. The tapes are by means of driving members fed to a component expelling and picking station (23) in which means (24) are arranged to punch the components from the carrier tapes so that they will be accessible for a picking tool. The driving members comprise a number of feeding wheels (32) and drive segments (43) corresponding to the number of tapes, said wheels and said segments being arranged for individual feeding of each of the tapes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for calibrating a positioning system including a control computer (1405) for producing command value signals to a positioning apparatus which positions an object against a work surface. Sensors (1406,1407) detect the location of the positioning system and convert it to an actual value signal which can be fed back to the control computer. A calibration plane (601) placed on the work surface contains a number of calibration points (602,603), the command value positions of which are entered into the control computer. The positions of at least some calibration points are sensed by a calibration probe (605) corresponding to the object and the actual values for the positions of said points are compared with the command values for the positions of these points on the work surface entered into the control computer.