Abstract: Where a quantized data value is produced by a first quantization of an input data value, followed by a first inverse quantization and subsequently by a second quantization and the first quantization has first quantization intervals and the second quantization has second quantization intervals, third quantization intervals are generated by displacing interval boundaries of the second quantization intervals, respectively, to the next interval boundaries of the first quantization intervals. A third reconstruction value is determined for the third quantization intervals such that the third reconstruction value lies within the associated third quantization intervals. A corrected data value is generated by a third inverse quantization of the quantized data value and the third inverse quantization is affirmed by the third quantization intervals containing the associated third reconstruction value.

Abstract: An input data stream coded using a first coding method and containing at least one coded digitized image is converted into an output data stream that is coded using a second coding method. The input data stream has first intra-blocks, each of which is coded in a first prediction mode of a plurality of first intra-prediction modes, and the output data stream has second intra-blocks, each of which is coded in a second prediction mode of a plurality of second intra-protection modes. The second prediction modes of one or more second intra-blocks are determined with the aid of the first prediction modes for one or more first intra-blocks and the second intra-blocks are coded using the second prediction modes that are thus determined. In particular, prediction errors that are assigned to the first intra-blocks are taken into consideration for the determination of the second prediction modes.

Abstract: Where a quantized data value is produced by a first quantization of an input data value, followed by a first inverse quantization and subsequently by a second quantization and the first quantization has first quantization intervals and the second quantization has second quantization intervals, third quantization intervals are generated by displacing interval boundaries of the second quantization intervals, respectively, to the next interval boundaries of the first quantization intervals. A third reconstruction value is determined for the third quantization intervals such that the third reconstruction value lies within the associated third quantization intervals. A corrected data value is generated by a third inverse quantization of the quantized data value and the third inverse quantization is affirmed by the third quantization intervals containing the associated third reconstruction value.

Abstract: An input data stream coded using a first coding method and containing at least one coded digitized image is converted into an output data stream that is coded using a second coding method. The input data stream has first intra-blocks, each of which is coded in a first prediction mode of a plurality of first intra-prediction modes, and the output data stream has second intra-blocks, each of which is coded in a second prediction mode of a plurality of second intra-protection modes. The second prediction modes of one or more second intra-blocks are determined with the aid of the first prediction modes for one or more first intra-blocks and the second intra-blocks are coded using the second prediction modes that are thus determined. In particular, prediction errors that are assigned to the first intra-blocks are taken into consideration for the determination of the second prediction modes.

Abstract: A housing of a vacuum switching tube containing switch contacts or contact leads includes at least one insulator having a given temperature coefficient and a connecting surface, at least one non-magnetic metal part having a temperature coefficient differing from the given temperature coefficient, and a magnetic connecting part with a temperature coefficient substantially equal to the given temperature coefficient, the connecting part connecting the metal part to the connecting surface of the insulator with a vacuum-tight joint between the connecting part and the connecting surface of the insulator, the connecting part and metal part having shapes preventing destruction of the vacuum-tight joint under given maximum expected thermal and mechanical stresses, and the connecting part being free of surfaces that can vibrate and transmit vibrations to the environment of the switching tube.

Abstract: A vacuum switching tube having an evacuated housing in which contacts are disposed movable relative to each other and an improved current lead for such a vacuum tube are disclosed. The current lead comprises a core and a jacket surrounding the core. The core is made of a material with low electric conductivity compared to the jacket and has a helical outer contour. The core can be made by twisting a rod of polygonal or star-shaped cross section. A jacket of a material with relatively high electrical conductivity and with a smooth cylindrical outer contour is applied to the core. The jacket is joined to the core firmly without space between them or is made in one piece with the core.

Abstract: Vacuum switch tube, including a housing, a stationary and an axially movable contact being mutually aligned in the housing, a bellows vacuum-tightly connecting the movable contact to the housing, a stud bolt being connected to the stationary contact for mounting the switch tube, a ceramic tube being connected to the housing and having a given breaking pressure, a flange being concentric with the stud bolt, the flange being mechanically fixed and vacuum-tightly connected with the stud bolt, the flange being resiliently and vacuum-tightly connected with the ceramic tube for carrying the housing, and the flange being formed of a ring being easily elastically deformable in axial direction, a cylindrical wall being integral with the ring and a soldering flange integral with the cylindrical wall, and a hard solder connection with a given breaking pressure connecting the soldering flange to the ceramic tube, the flange having a modulus of elasticity permitting the flange to be elastically deformed upon the exertion

Abstract: Contact apparatus for vacuum switches. It includes a fixed and a movable contact bolt. Each has an end portion with an end face facing the other. Two disc-shaped substantially identical contacts surround the end portion of each of the contact bolts, and each of the contact discs have an annular inner hollow space formed therein which define side walls which face each other and have closed inner and outer side wall surfaces. The contact discs have side walls facing away from each other and each is fastened to a corresponding one of the contact bolts. The end face of each of the end portions are located at a distance from the inner side wall surface of the corresponding one of the contact discs which defines a gap therebetween. The side walls of the contact discs have slots formed therein which are extended in the same direction, and has coil turns placed between the slots at a given slope which produces an axial magnetic field at the moment the contacts break.

Abstract: In a vacuum switch tube having an outer insulating member and a metallic protective screen surrounding internal switch contacts, an inner groove is provided within the insulator member to which is attached a ring-shaped mounting. A central portion of the protective screen has a protrusion in the shape of a circumferential corrugation or nub via which the screen attaches to the ring-shaped mounting.