Abstract: An ink writing head comprising ink ejection channels and piezoelectric transducer elements allocated to the ink ejection channels, these transducer elements being supplied with writing fluid via supply lines, contains transducer elements comprising a first piezoelectrically excitable layer and a supporting layer firmly joined to the excitable layer. The piezoelectrically excitable layer comprises deflectable regions that are respectively subdivided into a peripheral and into a central region. For generating the needed excursion of the membrane, the regions of the membrane are driven such that the peripheral region is shortened, preferably by transversal contraction, and the central region is lengthened.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of precision flat parts such as masks, templates, and the like having very small openings therein with high contour details yet with substantial material thickness utilizes a metallized glass carrier having a stencil etched thereon with a negative working photo resist laminated on it. Exposure of photo resist is achieved through the glass so that maximum intensity of light in the photo resist occurs at the juncture between the photo resist and the glass carrier for maximum adhesion. Irregularly shaped apertures can be generated by selective varied orientation of the glass carrier during the exposure.