Abstract: Disclosed is a cuvette for taking a measurement on a liquid, comprising a monolithic cuvette body with a cavity (4) in the form of a narrow gap that is formed between two at least approximately parallel wall surfaces (15, 16) and is delimited by an inner wall (5, 6, 11) and a drawing edge (2) which is open towards the surroundings and from which the liquid is drawn into the cavity (4) forming a measurement zone (13) under the effect of a capillary force. The cuvette body (1) has a longitudinal axis while the inner wall (2) is provided with longitudinal wall sections (5, 6) that extend from the drawing edge (2) as well as a front area (11) which connects the longitudinal wall sections (5, 6).

Abstract: Moist bulk coal is supplied into a fluidized bed drier into which is introduced a first heat carrier gas to thereby dry the moist coal to form dried coal. The dried coal is discharged from the drier and is transferred to a generally horizontal bulk material conveyor. A second heat carrier gas is injected through the bottom of the bulk material conveyor, thereby transporting the coal generally horizontally and preheating the coal to form preheated coal. The preheated coal is then discharged from the bulk material conveyor and is filled into a selected charging opening of a coke oven battery.

Abstract: Superheated steam is continuously made to flow through the housing of a device which conveys coal from a bunker to the charging holes of coke ovens. While no charging takes place, the steam is vented from the housing and condensed. When charging does take place, the steam enters the coke oven with the coal, is then discharged from the coke oven, and thereupon condensed. The pressure of the steam in the housing may be greater than ambient atmospheric pressure and/or the pressure of the coking gas in the oven, to reliably prevent the entry of the air and/or the gas into the housing and thus to avoid the formation of dangerous gas mixtures therein.

Abstract: Coal is preheated prior to passing it into a coking installation by feeding measured amounts of the relatively wet coal into and through one or more circulation dryers heated to an elevated temperature and collecting the hot coal in a collecting bin and automatically measuring the level of the hot coal in said bin and automatically adjusting the amount of coal fed into said dryer depending on the level of coal measured in said collecting bin. Means are provided for preventing further adjustment of the coal feed rate should the exhaust gas temperature of a dryer fall outside the limits of a preselected preset temperature range and to bring the process back under level-actuated feed rate control once the exhaust gas temperature moves back within the preset range.

Abstract: Coal is passed in a two-stage process through a drying and heating zone. The coal coming from the drying zone is separated from the heat carrier gas which is then passed into the atmosphere after going through an electrodust separator. The dried coal is delivered into the heating zone. The hot gas for the heating zone is furnished by a combustion device. The exhaust gas from the heating zone is separated from the heated coal which is recovered while the exhaust gas is passed back into the drying zone. Part of the hot combustion gas coming from the combustion chamber is branched off and passed into the exhaust gas coming out of the drying zone either directly behind the drying zone or behind the separator for separating the dried coal from the exhaust gas. The temperature of the exhaust gas from the drying zone is thus prevented from sinking below the sulfuric acid dewpoint or water vapor dewpoint which might result in corrosive damage to the apparatus, particularly to the electrodust separator.