Abstract: Various embodiments include a catalyst measuring system for determining the aging of an SCR catalytic converter, the system comprising: a control device with a processor; an SCR catalytic converter for treating the exhaust gases of a vehicle; a high-frequency sensor for measuring a level of ammonia loading of the SCR catalytic converter; and an ammonia dosing system for injecting ammonia into an exhaust system of the vehicle. The control device instructs the ammonia dosing system to inject ammonia selectively into the exhaust system. The control device compares data measured by the high-frequency sensor with a predefined threshold value to determine the aging of the SCR catalytic converter.

Abstract: A method and a device for measuring nitrogen oxides in a gas stream. A functional layer in the sensor senses nitrogen oxides and a measurable physical variable of the functional layer changes in direct correlation with the concentration of nitrogen oxide molecules in the gas. The functional layer is made of a material that, when heated to a specific operating temperature and held at that temperature, maintains an equilibrium between storage and desorption of the nitrogen oxide molecules, and this eliminates the need for a regeneration phase, as is the case with a dosimeter. At the specified operating temperature, the gas sensor indicates a direct relationship between the measured variable and the concentration of the surrounding gas.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting oxidizable gases may comprise a catalytically inactive surface and a catalytically active surface on opposite sides of a sensor element and a thermal element running through the sensor element to connect the two surfaces, with a device for measuring a thermoelectric voltage between the catalytically active surface and the inactive surface as a measure of the difference in temperature and therefore the gas concentration. The sensor may include a hot plate mounted on a base carrier by means of narrow arms, wherein the thermal element includes at least one via extending through the hot plate and connecting the two surfaces to one another, and in the region of which the thermoelectric voltage is measured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for determining the state of an exhaust-gas purification device. The exhaust-gas purification device is one which can store gas and/or particles. By means of the proposed process, it is for example possible for the loading state of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, for example the oxygen storage state of a catalytic converter which is provided with an oxygen-storing material, such as for example a three-way catalytic converter, to be analyzed. The present process operates contactlessly through the analysis of resonances which arise upon the excitation of the catalytic converter using the purification device as microwave cavity resonator.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting oxidizable gases may comprise a catalytically inactive surface and a catalytically active surface on opposite sides of a sensor element and a thermal element running through the sensor element to connect the two surfaces, with a device for measuring a thermoelectric voltage between the catalytically active surface and the inactive surface as a measure of the difference in temperature and therefore the gas concentration. The sensor may include a hot plate mounted on a base carrier by means of narrow arms, wherein the thermal element includes at least one via extending through the hot plate and connecting the two surfaces to one another, and in the region of which the thermoelectric voltage is measured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for determining the state of an exhaust-gas purification device. The exhaust-gas purification device is one which can store gas and/or particles. By means of the proposed process, it is for example possible for the loading state of the exhaust-gas aftertreatment system, for example the oxygen storage state of a catalytic converter which is provided with an oxygen-storing material, such as for example a three-way catalytic converter, to be analysed.

Abstract: A folded box with a subdivided interior contains a partition arrangement consisting of cardboard zones which are connected integrally to the folding-box blank. One of the partition zones is bonded to a main zone. A web extends transversely from the other partition zone, in the lower region of the compartment enclosed by the partition zones, through the compartment, the upper edge of the said web limiting the compartment downwards. In this way, two bottles of differing diameter and of differing height, the closing caps of which are located at the same height, can be safely accommodated in the folding box. The web provides the necessary height compensation.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for use with a pressurized-water reactor's steam generator having a manifold chamber enclosing the bottom side of a horizontal tube sheet having holes therethrough in which are mounted the tubes of a heat exchanger tube bundle, the manifold chamber having a manhole giving access to the tube's bottom side to permit internal inspection or repair of the tubes by registration of an end of a flexible guide conduit with the tube sheet holes and through which a flexible carrier can be guided for insertion via these holes in the tube sheet and through the tubes extending from the tube sheet's other side.