Abstract: A pressure reactor for treating a sample fluid includes an oven, a sample line partly arranged in the oven, and a pressure line arranged in surrounding relation to the sample line and partly arranged in the oven. The sample line has an outlet opening into the pressure line. A contamination blocking apparatus is disposed in the pressure line for forming a contamination barrier which has at least one section arranged between the outlet opening and the oven and which delimits a contamination-free region in the pressure line. The outlet opening of the sample line is arranged in the contamination-free region of the pressure line.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an apparatus for carrying out wet chemical reactions under pressure comprising a pressure sure vessel in which a reaction liquid can be provided and which is adapted to be sealed in a pressure-tight manner by closure means. When the reaction liquid is heated, the pressure in the interior of the pressure vessel will increase; the stressability limit of the pressure vessel must, however, not be exceeded. The total pressure in the interior is composed of the partial pressures of the reaction liquid and of the reaction products. The reaction liquid must be maintained at so low a temperature that the sum of the partial pressures of the reaction liquid and of the gaseous reaction products does not exceed the maximum load value of the pressure vessel. For achieving a wet chemical reaction which is as fast and as efficient as possible, the highest possible temperature of the reaction liquid is, however, required.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for analyzing gaseous samples comprising a device for generating a plasma, a feeding device for the sample to be analyzed and at least one detector unit which in particular comprises at least one interference filter, a lens arrangement and a photodetector for detecting radiation, especially atomic emission or molecular emission, emitted by the sample to be analyzed. According to the invention, said device for generating the plasma is made up of two in particular ring- or disk-shaped parallel, interspaced electrodes, wherein each electrode has one essentially centrical, especially circular through-opening, and an isolator positioned between said electrodes, said isolator having a particularly circular through-opening for confining the plasma. In addition the invention provides for an optical unit, in particular a collimator lens, to be placed between said device for generating the plasma and the detector unit for forming a parallel ray beam.

Abstract: In a process for triggering and/or carrying out chemical reactions by irradiating starting materials and, in particular, liquid starting materials with short-wave electromagnetic radiation emitted from at least one substance sending out short-wave electromagnetic radiation upon irradiation and excitation with long-wave electromagnetic radiation under operating conditions, the short-wave electromagnetic radiation is generated in a closed vessel arranged within the starting materials and containing the short-wave electromagnetic radiation emitting substance.

Abstract: A microwave-heatable pressure reactor is provided for continuous or discontinuous treatment of liquid. The liquid is conveyed by means of a high-pressure pump in a pipeline which extends into a microwave-heatable zone of the pressure container into which it finally lets out through the free opening with a volume of pipe sufficient for the treatment of a desired quantity of liquid.

Abstract: A device for heating substances under the development of high pressures in a microwave field is disclosed. Those parts of the device lying in the microwave field comprise material transparent to microwaves. The device comprises a pressure-resistant cylindrically shaped outer container and a cylindrically shaped inner container disposed inside the outer container. Both the inner and outer container is provided with a cover or a cap for closure thereof. An interspace is provided between an inner jacket surface of the outer container and an outer jacket surface of the inner container, which space is connected with a space outside the device via connecting channels. The interspace preferably contains a cooling media which is transported to and from the interspace and outer space via the connecting channels.

Abstract: An apparatus for the simultaneous detection of several ranges of wavelengths of polychromatic light radiation, using one detector for each detected range of wavelengths, includes an interference filter which filters the range of wavelengths to be detected out of the polychromatic light beam, and optical elements for guiding the polychromatic light beam to be detected. The optical elements include a first system of mirrors in the path of the incident polychromatic light beam for collimating it in a hollow-cylindrical manner, one mirror of the first system of mirrors being located at the center of the collimated light beam. The optical elements further include a second system of mirrors in the hollow-cylindrically collimated light beam that deflects this light essentially perpendicularly to the conceptual surface of the hollow cylinder and radially to the longitudinal axis of thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and apparatus to produce a noble-gas plasma for excitation in optical emission spectrometry. The apparatus includes an hf generator feeding an oscillation circuit consisting of at least one inductor and one capacitor. The capcitor includes at least two capacitor plates which are so shaped and mutually arranged that they enclose a cavity in which the plasma may form.

Abstract: An atomic spectrometer in combination with an atomizer apparatus for atomizing a test sample into an atomic state for analysis in the atomic spectrometer. The atomizer apparatus includes a heater for heating a sample to free individual atoms of the sample for atomic spectroscopy, a tube member containing a packing of an adsorbent, a reagent adsorbed on the adsorbent which reacts with a metal constituent in a sample to form a metal complex which adsorbs to the adsorbent at a first temperature and is volatile at a second higher temperature for desorption from the adsorbent, and a heater for heating the tube member.

Abstract: A system and process for the automatic stacking, storage and withdrawal of packaged merchandise in large warehouses, the handling of the merchandise being controlled by a computer, so that the merchandise is withdrawn from shelves and loaded into passing transport containers. The shelves are subdivided into blocks for several product types. The merchandise pieces making up a single order, which are then ejected simultaneously at each block once the transport container has arrived at the preceding block, are collected and then simultaneously loaded into the transport container when the latter arrives at the proper block. After loading, the transport container is allowed to continue and the speed of the transport container is determined by the withdrawal, collection and loading times in such a way that the release of the merchandise of the entire warehouse occurs in a minimal time.

Abstract: A system for the automatic stacking, storage and withdrawal of packaged merchandise in large warehouses, the handling of the merchandise being controlled by a computer, so that the merchandise is withdrawn from shelves and loaded into passing transport containers. The shelves are subdivided into blocks for several product types. The merchandise pieces making up a single order are then ejected simultaneously at each block once the transport container has arrived at the preceding block, are collected and then simultaneously loaded into the transport container when the latter arrives at the proper block. After loading, the transport container is allowed to continue and the speed of the transport container is determined by the withdrawal, collection and loading times in such a way that the release of the merchandise of the entire warehouse occurs in a minimal time.