Abstract: Explained, inter alia, is a method in which a workpiece (52) to be processed is fastened to a work carrier (10) by means of a solid (62). The work carrier (10) is made of a porous material, e.g. of porous ceramic. This processing method permits simple manipulation of the wafer during the processing. In addition, the workpiece (52) can be easily separated from the work carrier (10) using a solvent.

Abstract: A workpiece can be clamped between the jaws of a vise in a defined position easily when it is supported by positioning pins. They are located in a plurality of bores in the jaw and can be projected out of the jaw in operation. The pins comprise a pin body and a stop member. Both elements provide a shape which allows an economical production and easy connection with each other. In normal operation the pins can be projected out of the jaw by fluid pressure and be pushed back manually. A bent pin can be pushed or pulled to the front out of the jaw easily by destroying the stop member in a predetermined way or separating it from the pin body.

Abstract: A clamping device for work piece(s) having at least one clamping surface and coupling elements on the clamping surface. The clamping device comprises a first clamping element having a contact surface and a plurality of form-fit elements and a second clamping element having a contact surface and a plurality of form-fit elements. The plurality of form-fit elements have a shape that complements that of the coupling elements. The distance between the contact surfaces are adjusted by a retaining device which is coupled to surfaces of the clamping elements.

Abstract: Described is a device for determining the attitude on board of a satellite (1) with a data transfer device for carrying out optical data exchange between at least two satellites (1, 3); a device for determining one's own attitude; a device for determining the directional vectors in an inertial co-ordinate system from one's own attitude and from attitude data of at least two satellites (1, 3), said attitude data having been transmitted by means of the data transmission device; a device for determining the directional vector directed to the satellites (1, 3) of which there are at least two, in a fixed-body co-ordinate system of the satellite; and a device for attitude determination from the directional vectors determined. Also described is a method for carrying out attitude determination.

Abstract: A tool-driving device (1), which is particularly provided for machine tools, has an internal drive (9), which serves to drive a tool. Also provided is a control device (36), which detects the movement of the tool-driving device (1) and correspondingly controls its drive (9). The tool-driving device (1) can thus be controlled independently of the other tool-machine controls.

Abstract: A propeller with pivoting blades is provided as a cleaning tool (1) for the work area of metal cutting machines, where the angle of adjustment for the pivoting blades is such that an air jet is generated supporting the propeller blades (15) in folding open. The propeller blade (15) is arranged in a tool changer stacker instead of a common tool or on a tool spindle and serves to automatically clean the work area by a blowing process.

Abstract: The novel process facilitates the production of very thin semiconductor chips with thicknesses down to a few .mu.m. The semiconductor chip is first of all arranged on contact surfaces, with the active side oriented toward the contact surfaces. The chip is then electrically connected to the contact surfaces via contact studs. Silicon is then removed from the exposed rear side of the semiconductor chip during a plasma etching process which has high selectivity with respect to the other materials.

Abstract: For the engraving of a pattern into the surface of a work piece by a laser beam which is directed onto the surface and controlled in its intensity in a location-dependent manner in dependence on the pattern, one surface area of a design pattern is, first of all, scanned optically or mechanically, and the surface information which is thus obtained is converted into electrical control signals. The laser beam is, by these control signals, controlled in a surface area which corresponds to the surface area of the design pattern. Different patterns can be engraved rapidly and easily by changing the design pattern. The scanning of the design pattern can be carried out finely and with high resolution, so that the engraving also has a correspondingly high resolution. The pattern of the design patterns can be as irregular as desired, so that complicated and irregular patterns can be engraved.

Abstract: A recombinant protein with D-hydantoinase activity which has the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO 1 is obtainable in large amounts and has an improved temperature stability.

Abstract: Enzyme specific for bilirubin which has a phenol oxidase activity of less than 0.5% and an activity for biliverdin of less than 10%, a broad pH optimum as well as a good thermostability. The enzyme is obtainable from plants such as alfalfa and is suitable for the determination as well as for the degradation of bilirubin in particular in biological liquids.

Abstract: A recombinant protein with D-hydantoinase activity which has the amino acid sequence SEQ ID NO 1 is obtainable in large amounts and has an improved temperature stability.

Abstract: The invention concerns a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which contains the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1 as well as a DNA coding for it and a process for the isolation of an enzyme according to the present invention.

Abstract: The invention concerns a new NAD.sup.+ -dependent D-malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating, E.C. 1.1.1.83) from E. coli which consists of two subunits which each have a molecular weight of about 42 kD (SDS gel) and processes for the isolation of this enzyme from E. coli and for its stabilisation. The invention concerns in addition a method for the determination of D-malate with the D-malate dehydrogenase according to the present invention as well as a reagent for determining D-malate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which contains the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO:1 as well as a DNA coding for it and a process for the isolation of an enzyme according to the present invention.

Abstract: The arrangement for the conversion of an electrical input quantity into an electrical DC signal proportional thereto comprises two digital pulse duration modulators of limited resolution. The first digital pulse duration modulator supplies a first periodic pulse sequence which is pulse duration modulated with a quantization value, corresponding to the limited resolution, of the input quantity neglecting the quantization remainder. The second digital pulse duration modulator supplies a second periodic pulse sequence which is pulse duration modulated with the sum of the quantization value and of the quantization remainder multiplied by a predetermined factor. A system is provided for selectively transmitting pulses of the first and second pulse sequences to an averaging circuit in such a manner that the raito of the number of transmitted pulses of the second pulse sequence to the total number of transmitted pulses is equal to the reciprocal of the predetermined factor.

Abstract: The quality of a product, for example the degree of filling of cigarette papers, is non-destructively tested using reflectivity measurement. Compensation is provided for the effects of stray light in the measuring zone and the signals commensurate with the measurements performed on individual units of the object being tested are compared with the average of signals obtained through measurements performed on a preselected number of units of acceptable quality. The state of operability of the test apparatus may be self-checked during incremental periods between the testing of units.

Abstract: For the determination of glycerol, the latter is incubated with galactose oxidase in an aqueous medium in the presence of oxygen and either the oxygen consumption or the amount of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 or glyceraldehyde that is formed is determined. A reagent suitable for this purpose consists of galactose oxidase and a system for the determination of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 or a system for the determination of glyceraldehyde. It can additionally contain an agent for the saponification of esterified glycerol.

Abstract: For the determination of glycerin by oxidation with oxygen in the presence of glycerinoxidase and measurement of the oxygen consumption or of the H.sub.2 O.sub.2 formation, a glycerinoxidase from Aspergillus spec. DSM 1729 is used. A reagent suitable for this method consists of glycerinoxidase from Aspergillus spec. DSM 1729 and a system for the determination of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 and contains additionally, if desired, an agent for the saponification of esterified glycerin.

Abstract: Storage-stable aqueous cholesterol oxidase compositions comprising cholestrol oxidase, a buffer and from 2 to 3.5 M sodium or potassium chloride as a stabilizing agent, are significantly superior to conventional compositions with respect to storage stability and fungibility.

Abstract: Cholesterol is determined by incubating a sample suspected of containing cholesterol in an aqueous medium with cholesterol oxidase and determining either the oxygen consumption, the hydrogen peroxide formed, or cholestenone, as a measure of the initial cholesterol content; reagent compositions comprising cholesterol oxidase and a system for the determination of H.sub.2 O.sub.2 or for the determination of cholestenone are provided.