Abstract: A process for producing a superabsorbent polymer is described. The process that entails a continuous hydrolysis of an aqueous emulsion of crosslinked or uncrosslinked polyacrylonitrile in the form of fine particles is carried out in a cascade of stirred tanks. The reaction with alkali-hydroxide solution an aqueous-alcoholic medium at 60 to 100° C. yields polymers that are suitable for the preparation of hygiene products, water-storing materials in agriculture, and sheathing of electrical cables.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of superabsorbers is disclosed. The process entails subjecting a polyacrylonitrile precipitation polymer alkaline hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysis product. The hydrolysate that may optionally be neutralized is dried and ground and optionally modified by crosslinking of its surface. The inventive superabsorber is suitable for the preparation of nappies, incontinence articles, water-storage materials and electric cable coverings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of superabsorbent polymers based on fine-particled non-crosslinked and/or crosslinked aqueous polyacrylonitrile emulsions.

Abstract: This invention relates to aqueous polymer dispersions obtained by free radical emulsion copolymerization of ethylenically unsaturated monomers comprising (a) 30 to 60% by weight of at least one optionally substituted styrene, (b) 60 to 30% by weight of at least one C1-C4-alkyl (meth)acrylate, and (c) 0 to 10% by weight of other ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomers, in the presence of (d) 10 to 40% by weight of degraded starch having a molecular weight Mn of 500 to 10,000, and (e) a graft-linking, water-soluble redox system as free radical initiator for the free radical emulsion copolymerization, wherein the sum (a)+(b)+(c)+(d) is 100%.

Abstract: The invention relates to polysiloxanes containing carboxyl groups that are useful for imparting water-repellency to substrates, a process for their preparation, a water-repellent system containing such polysiloxanes, and a process for the production of hydrophobic substrates.

Abstract: A process for producing a superabsorbent polymer is described. The process that entails a continuous hydrolysis of an aqueous emulsion of crosslinked or uncrosslinked polyacrylonitrile in the form of fine particles is carried out in a cascade of stirred tanks. The reaction with alkali-hydroxide solution an aqueous-alcoholic medium at 60 to 100° C. yields polymers that are suitable for the preparation of hygiene products, water-storing materials in agriculture, and sheathing of electrical cables.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymers whitened with optical brighteners obtained by (a) emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile with or without a comonomer in the presence or absence of a graftable substrate, and (b) addition of an optical brightener before, during, or after the emulsion polymerization.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of superabsorbers is disclosed. The process entails subjecting a polyacrylonitrile precipitation polymer alkaline hydrolysis to obtain a hydrolysis product. The hydrolysate that may optionally be neutralized is dried and ground and optionally modified by crosslinking of its surface. The inventive superabsorber is suitable for the preparation of nappies, incontinence articles, water-storage materials and electric cable coverings.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel aqueous emulsion polymers obtained by free-radical initiated addition polymerization of at least one monomer in the presence of degraded starch and at least one polymeric emulsifier from the series of sulfo-containing maleic anhydride copolymers and/or sulfo-containing oligourethanes with a branched molecular structure. The invention further relates the use of such emulsion polymers as surface sizing agents for paper and paperlike materials.

Abstract: A process for modifying superabsorbent polymers is disclosed. The surface of a polymer containing hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile in the form of particulates, is modified by crosslinking in a water/alcohol reaction mixture and in the presence of silica. The resulting product features improved absorbency under load and lesser degree of gel blocking.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polymers whitened with optical brighteners obtained by

Abstract: Super-absorbent polymer in the form of pre-formed spherical particles obtainable by alkaline hydrolysis of aqueous emulsions of crosslinked and/or un-crosslinked homopolymers and/or copolymers of acrylonitrile in water/alcohol mixtures and the use of the polymer in hygiene products, as a water-storing material in agriculture and for the sheathing of electrical cables.

Abstract: A process for the continuous production of superabsorbent polymers, characterised in that aqueous emulsions of uncross-linked and cross-linked polyacrylonitrile homopolymers and/or copolymers, the polyacrylonitrile concentrations in the reaction mixture being from 10 to 45 w.t. %, are hydrolysed with aqueous alkali hydroxide solutions at 50.degree. to 100.degree. C. in a continuously operating reactor suitable for carrying out highly viscous reactions, and that from the highly viscous gels formed the products in the form of superabsorbent powders are continuously precipitated by means of continuous precipitation using low-boiling monoalcohols, and the use thereof in sanitary articles, as water-storing materials in agriculture or for sheathing electrical cables.

Abstract: Superabsorbent polymers based on partly hydrolysed homopolymers and/or copolymers of acrylonitrile which are cross-linked through the incorporation of polyfunctional monomers, wherein 30 to 80 mol-% of the nitrile groups are converted into carboxylate groups, 20 to 70 mol-% of the nitrile groups are converted into carbonamide groups and 0 mol-% to 20 mol-% of the nitrile groups are unchanged, and the said cross-linked polymers possess a swelling capacity of 700 g/g in water and of up to 60 g/g in physiological saline and a gel strength of from 20 g to 100 g, their preparation and their use.

Abstract: New spray powder formulations are described which, after application in the form of a thin layer to substrate surfaces with the aid of processes basset on electrostatic attraction and storing of this layer by heat or high-energy radiation, allow the deposition of firmly adhering layers of metal by currentless, wet-chemical metallization. The essential constituents of such a formulation are a pulverulent, non-conductive material and (semi-) noble metal compounds.

Abstract: Copolymers containing incorporated radicals of long-chain alcohols and neutralized carboxyl groups are suitable as retanning agents for leather. They result in an excellent combination of water repellency, softness and grain tightness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous emulsions of polymers which contain 80 to 100 weight % of acrylonitrile polymerized within them, to a method for their preparation, and to their use as raw materials for acrylic and modacrylic fibres and as dyeing additives for adjusting the dyestuff affinity of cationic dyestuffs for conventional acrylic and modacrylic polymers and fibre materials produced from them.

Abstract: Emulsion polymers obtainable by emulsifying a mixture consisting ofA) 5 to 95 % by weight of at least one monomer from the series consisting of acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, optionally substituted styrene, vinyl carboxylate andB) 5 to 95 % by weight of acrylic and/or methacrylic esters,the sum of components A)+B) being 100% by weight, in the presence of an aqueous solution or dispersion of an anionically modified polyurethane, preferably containing --SO.sub.3.sup.-Me.sup.+ and/or -COO.sup.- Me.sup.+ groups (Me.sup.+ =cation, preferably H.sup.+, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Li.sup.+, NH.sub.4.sup.+ or a substituted ammonium ion), and subjecting the resulting emulsion to a polymerization initiated by free radicals.The emulsion polymers produced are preferably used as surface sizing agents for paper.

Abstract: Emulsion polymers which are prepared by free-radical polymerisation of monomers in the presence ofa) polymers of the formulae ##STR1## wherein the radicals have the meanings given in the description, and b) low-molecular anionic emulsifiers,are outstandingly suitable as surface sizes for paper. They are distinguished by a low tendency to foaming and by a wide application spectrum.

Abstract: A polymer-bound linkable dye comprisinga) a water-soluble polymer backbone,b) a dye covalently bound thereto, andc) functional groups which enable the polymer-dye to link covalently with biological materials,in which the water-soluble polymer backbone is a copolymer which contains arcylamide, methacrylamide, N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl(meth)acrylamide, N,N-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 dialkylacrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone, N-vinylpiperidone, N-vinylcaprolactam, N-vinylformamide, N-vinylacetamide, N-vinyl-N-methylacetamide, N-vinyl-O-methylurethane, ethene or vinylmethylether as nonionic monomer blocks. The polymer-bound dye can be linked to a biologically active material such as an antibody or nucleic acid and used analytically.