Abstract: The invention is directed to a confocal scanning microscope for viewing an object. The confocal scanning microscope includes an illuminating device for transmitting an illuminating beam along an illuminating beam path and an optic for defining an imaging beam path. A beamsplitter is mounted in the imaging beam path and has a partially reflecting layer for deflecting a component of the illuminating beam toward the object whereby the component is reflected back toward the beamsplitter and passes through the beamsplitter into the imaging beam path with unwanted reflections occurring within the beamsplitter. The beamsplitter has two prisms conjointly defining the partially reflecting layer and has an external form defined by the optical faces of the prisms with each two mutually adjacent ones of the optical faces conjointly defining an angle unequal to 90.degree. whereby the unwanted reflections are substantially prevented from entering the imaging beam path.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and arrangement for generating stereoscopic images of an object. The method includes the steps of illuminating an object with an illuminating beam; masking the illuminating beam to generate a first component beam to illuminate the object at a first angle and provide a first image of the object to a first viewing eye; again masking the illuminating beam to generate a second component beam to illuminate the object at a second angle and to provide a second image of the object to a second viewing eye; and, alternately repeating the last two steps at a frequency above the flicker frequency of the human eye. In the arrangement of the invention, a beam generating device alternately generates first and second illuminating beam components which illuminate the object via illuminating optics at respectively different angles to produce respective images of the object.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a confocal incident light microscope for viewing an object. The microscope includes: an illuminating device for transmitting an illuminating beam along an illuminating beam path; a viewing optical assembly for defining a viewing beam path; an optical unit for joining the illuminating beam path and the viewing beam path to form a common beam path; a perforated mask arranged in the common beam path at an angle .delta. to a plane perpendicular to the common beam path; an imaging optic arranged between the perforated mask and the object; a first prism having a first wedge-shaped section arranged in the common beam path between the optical unit and the perforated mask; the first wedge-shaped section defining a wedge angle .alpha.

Abstract: An arrangement generates a projection beam path on the projection objective outside of the optical axis. This is achieved by mounting an optically transparent wedge forward or rearward of the test pattern. The wedge can be rotated with respect to its orientation by 180.degree..

Abstract: The invention is concerned with an arrangement for measuring the mobility of image points of a video image, particularly for the evaluation of the electrophoretic mobility of particles. The arrangement simultaneously evaluates an entire image contents of a plurality of image points without the necessity of subjectively preselecting individual image points.The digitilized image signal of the video image is logical combined with the line and column scanning signals of the video image in a logic matrix and the obtained signals are fed into a computer via a time storage. The scanning signals are derived from a pulse generator and from the image synchronizing and line synchronizing signals. The logic combination of the signals also includes a direction selection member for programming the evaluation direction of the image points.

Abstract: The invention is in concern of a method and a device for moving a liquid sample material in a measuring chamber, particularly for use in electrophoretic measurements. To permit precise measurements the remaining sample material is prevented from mixing with the sample material under test. The valves employed have to be closed in the course of the sample movement. This is realized in displacing the sample material by means of two pistons rigidly connected to each other and arranged in a by-pass of the measuring chamber.