Abstract: Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a computer-implemented method for scheduling transmissions of a plurality of data streams in a telecommunication network. The transmissions are partitioned into transmission cycles with a predetermined length in time. Repetitive transmissions of each of the data streams are transmitted based on the predetermined length multiplied by a respective repetition rate.

Abstract: A method and communication system for transmitting time-critical data, wherein selected datagrams are assigned to data streams and transmitted via paths for the data streams, where reservation requests are transmitted to a higher-level communication controller to reserve resources to be provided by the communication devices for transmitting data streams, in each case via a reservation function component, which is assigned to a first or second communication terminal or a communication device that is connected to the communication terminal and forwards datagrams, and where in the event of reservation requests, the higher-level communication controller ascertains a respective path and checks whether sufficient resources for transmitting the data streams while maintaining the specified service quality parameters are available in communication devices along the respective path, and the higher-level communication controller ascertains a proposed local cycle duration for selected communication devices.

Abstract: Provided is a computer-implemented method for adapting at least one pre-defined frame delay, wherein the corresponding at least one frame is communicated via at least one network switch of at least one computing unit in a frame-based computer network, including the steps a. receiving input data from the at least one network switch of the at least one computing unit; wherein b. the input data includes at least one information associated with the at least one frame and/or at least one network switch; c. deriving at least one current frame delay of the at least one frame from the at least one information; d. adapting the at least one pre-defined frame delay depending on the at least one current frame delay; and e. providing the at least one adapted frame delay. Also provided is a corresponding computer program product and monitoring unit.

Abstract: A computer program and method for data communication in a network having a plurality of network nodes, via which method data packets are to be transferred between communication partners over protected connections, wherein the data packets originate from at least two different sending communication partners, or senders, and wherein the sending frequencies of at least two senders, at which the senders send data packets that are to be transferred over a protected connection, differ from one another, and the sending frequencies and/or variables representing same being taken into account when finding a path for the transfer of the data packets of at least one protected connection.

Abstract: A method and communication system for transmitting time-critical data, wherein selected datagrams are assigned to data streams and transmitted via paths for the data streams, where reservation requests are transmitted to a higher-level communication controller to reserve resources to be provided by the communication devices for transmitting data streams, in each case via a reservation function component, which is assigned to a first or second communication terminal or a communication device that is connected to the communication terminal and forwards datagrams, and where in the event of reservation requests, the higher-level communication controller ascertains a respective path and checks whether sufficient resources for transmitting the data streams while maintaining the specified service quality parameters are available in communication devices along the respective path, and the higher-level communication controller ascertains a proposed local cycle duration for selected communication devices.

Abstract: A method for time synchronization in a communication network comprising a multiplicity of network nodes, wherein synchronization messages are transmitted in the communication network and the synchronization message received in a slave node contains synchronization information for synchronizing the slave time of the slave node with the master time, i.e., synchronization messages are transmitted in a closed ring or line topology and the slave node receives first and second synchronization messages from different transmission directions, and wherein the slave node synchronizes a first time with the synchronization message from one transmission direction and a second time with the synchronization message from the other transmission direction.

Abstract: An escalator or a moving walkway has two access regions, each with a comb plate, and a conveying region arranged between the access regions. The conveying region extends between the two comb plates of the access regions. At least one projection projects into the conveying region at at least one stationary part of the escalator or moving walkway. At least one monitoring sensor is arranged at least partly in the at least one projection.

Abstract: Locating a frequency deviation in a communication network is provided. A node clock frequency is assigned to each internal clock of each network node. Messages are transmitted synchronizing the internal clocks. The synchronization messages are transmitted from one node to another in succession based on a reference clock frequency predefined by a reference clock. The synchronization messages include a reference clock count state of the reference clock. Synchronization deviations are calculated at predefined intervals of time. If the synchronization deviation of the middle network node exceeds a threshold value, a change in the reference clock frequency is detected if the synchronization deviations of adjacent nodes. Otherwise, a change in the node clock frequency of the middle network node is detected.

Abstract: An escalator or a moving walkway has two access regions, each with a comb plate, and a conveying region arranged between the access regions. The conveying region extends between the two comb plates of the access regions. At least one projection projects into the conveying region at at least one stationary part of the escalator or moving walkway. At least one monitoring sensor is arranged at least partly in the at least one projection.

Abstract: Locating a frequency deviation in a communication network is provided. A node clock frequency is assigned to each internal clock of each network node. Messages are transmitted synchronizing the internal clocks. The synchronization messages are transmitted from one node to another in succession based on a reference clock frequency predefined by a reference clock. The synchronization messages include a reference clock count state of the reference clock. Synchronization deviations are calculated at predefined intervals of time. If the synchronization deviation of the middle network node exceeds a threshold value, a change in the reference clock frequency is detected if the synchronization deviations of adjacent nodes. Otherwise, a change in the node clock frequency of the middle network node is detected.

Abstract: A method for time synchronization in a communications network having multiple nodes, wherein the nodes comprise a first node and at least one second node, where the first node generates first cycle counter states according to a reference clock frequency and the second node or nodes each generate second cycle counter states according to an internal clock frequency, where a time synchronization is carried out in sequential synchronization cycles, in which synchronization messages originating from the first node are sequentially transmitted from one node to another node, and a synchronization message transmitted by a node contains information used for time synchronization in the at least one second node receiving the synchronization message such that a time synchronization is performed in a given second node based on an estimation of a first cycle counter state and a compensation factor in combination with a linear quadratic regulator.

Abstract: A method for real-time data transmission in a communication network for transmitting useful data from a transmitter to a plurality of receivers, wherein the receivers are synchronized in terms of time via a synchronization method, at least one time for transmitting a respective useful data message to the receivers is stipulated during real-time data transmission, each of the receivers is assigned its own receiver useful data area within the useful data message, which area is assigned to the receiver, and the transmitter transmitting a useful data message. In accordance with the invention, a first of the receivers receiving this useful data message, stores the useful data contained in the receiver useful data area assigned to it for further processing, and forwards the useful data message to a second of the receivers at the transmission time.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing an operating clock with a time clock in an automation network comprising a plurality of sync slaves that are to be coordinated and a time sync master, wherein the plurality of sync slaves are synchronized with respect to the time clock by the time sync master, and wherein the plurality of sync slaves derive their operating clock from the time clock.

Abstract: A system and method for time synchronization in a communication network. The communication network includes a plurality of network nodes each having a respective internal clock, and a reference node having a reference clock and each configured transmits synchronization messages within the communication network. At least one network node is configured to determine an estimated reference clock time discretely upon arrival of a synchronization message at the at least one network node. To that end, the at least one network node includes a controller for determining a controlled time comprising a time-continuous estimate of the discreetly estimated reference clock time. The controller is configured to determine the controlled time based on an input that is extrapolated to an execution time instant of the controller, where the execution time instant is separated from the time instant of arrival of the synchronization message by a delay (?tdelay).

Abstract: Method, device and system for detecting a disturbance, e.g., at least one short mechanical impact (shock or vibration) on a clock of a slave device by detecting a non-typical variation of a tracking error, i.e., a tracking error having a deviation that exceeds a predetermined threshold, wherein such a non-typical variation can be determined by the deviation from a statistical measure, e.g., a variance or a standard deviation, such that the determination of the quality of a clock signal is advantageously allowed and thus suitable counter-measures are provided. The method, device and system are applicable for all kinds of technical systems comprising slave devices that have a clock, e.g., devices in industrial and automation systems. The method, device and system are also applicable in communication systems that use a protocol to synchronize the clocks of its devices, e.g., Profinet.

Abstract: A method for synchronizing the operating clock and the timing clock of a subordinate domain of an automation network, wherein sync slaves are synchronized by a clock sync master with respect to an operating clock, a clock sync master forms part of a subordinate domain, a single synchronization message serves to synchronize the sync slaves with respect to their respective operating clock and timing clock, wherein the method comprises providing a notification of the difference between the timing clock and the operating clock using the synchronization message, and accepting this difference into the synchronization message as additional information.

Abstract: A method for transmission of an address of a first network device from the first network device through a network node to a second network device, wherein the method comprises receiving a first request signal by the network node from the second network device, creating a second request signal by the network node, sending a second response signal to the first network device, receiving a first response signal as a response to the second request signal by the network node, and sending a second response signal to the second network device as a response to the first request signal.

Abstract: A method for time synchronization in a communication network comprising a multiplicity of network nodes, wherein synchronization messages are transmitted in the communication network and the synchronization message received in a slave node contains synchronization information for synchronizing the slave time of the slave node with the master time, i.e., synchronization messages are transmitted in a closed ring or line topology and the slave node receives first and second synchronization messages from different transmission directions, and wherein the slave node synchronizes a first time with the synchronization message from one transmission direction and a second time with the synchronization message from the other transmission direction.

Abstract: An arrangement and a method for interchanging time markers between a first and a second network, wherein the time markers each comprise data packets having a payload comprising a coded time information item. A device is configured to receive a first time marker, directly remove the coded time information item, insert the coded time information item into a new data packet from the second protocol, and to send this data packet as a second time marker using the second network. The arrangement and method allow closed control of the time information or the clock of the time accepter across a network boundary.

Abstract: A method for transmitting synchronization messages in a communications network including a plurality of nodes having a first node and at least one second node, wherein in order to take into account differences in a reference clock frequency of a reference clock and an internal clock frequency of an internal clock of the at least one second node, a compensation interval, with which the second clock count state is adjusted on measurement of a delay time, is subdivided into smaller compensation timespans, and the smaller compensation timespans are used to determine a compensated time value for the delay time with a high degree of accuracy, where the compensated time value is then used to update the time information in the synchronization message.