Abstract: The measuring instrument comprises a retaining fixture adapted to hold an object to be measured in a center plane of the measuring instrument, defined by a guide, in such a position that a dimension of interest will extend parallel to the guide. A carriage supporting a transmitter and a receiver, respectively, at either side of the center plane for an energy beam focused on the center plane is movable along the guide. A distance measuring device provided to measure movements of the carriage along the guide comprises a rule member which is disposed in the center plane. The dimension of interest is determined based on positions of the carriage at which the energy beam, first received by the receiver, is interrupted by the object to be measured and then again received.

Abstract: A machine assembly comprises a machine tool including a machining table with a base table drivable in the Y-direction and a co-ordinating table movable under an NC-control system on the base table in the X-direction with a base table part secured to the co-ordinating table, and the work feed device including pallets movable from a base frame on to this base table part or the co-ordinating table under the positive direction of the controlled movement of the base table itself relatively to the co-ordinating table, thereby dispensing with a special device for operating a pallet change, wherein at least two pallets along with the base table part, form a machine surface.

Abstract: The turret machine tool comprises a set of tool spindles which are driven via a built-in transmission gears by a direct current motor having a relatively stable torque in a wide range of rotational speeds such as a multiple direct current motor having permanent magnetic field and further including means for electrically controlling the speed of the motor according to a predetermined numerically controlled program.

Abstract: A tool changing arrangement for a machine tool comprises a rotary and axially movable drive spindle which coaxially carries a holding member rotatable therewith and movable in axial direction relative thereto. A tool carrier movable transversely to the holding member is provided at one end with a T-shaped slot into which a corresponding male portion on the holding member may be engaged, to couple the tool carrier to the holding member. The spindle and the tool carrier are provided at facing ends with interengaging centralizing portions which during axial movement of the holding member relative to the spindle axially align the tool carrier and the spindle.