Abstract: Polysuccinimide, polyaspartic acid and their salts are prepared by reaction of maleic anhydride and ammonia, polycondensation of the resulting product in the presence of a solubilizing agent and, if appropriate, hydrolysis.

Abstract: In the spraying of an aqueous liquor comprising at least one of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methyl)-pentan-3-ol and 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-3,3-dimethyl-1-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-butan-2-ol, the improvement which comprises including in the liquor di-styryl-phenyl-tri-glycol ether, whereby crystallization of II and III is reduced.

Abstract: The carrier mixture contains N-alkylphthalimides and compounds of the general formula ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 -alkyl; phenyl, benzyl or phenylethyl, which can be substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl,R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkylcarbonyloxy, hydroxyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkoxycarbonyl,m is 0 or 1,n is 0 or 1, m and n not being 0 at the same time.

Abstract: Polyaspartic acid and its salts, which can be obtained by reacting maleic acid and ammonia in a molar ratio of 1:1-1.5 at 120.degree.-150.degree. C. and , if appropriate, converting the acid into salts, are used for removing and preventing incrustations formed by the hardness constituents of water, or as a fertilizer.

Abstract: Stabilized lubricants based on polyethers containing diphenylamine derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched C.sub.4 to C.sub.12 -alkyl group, a straight-chain or branched C.sub.4 to C.sub.12 -alkylene group, a C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 -aralkyl group, a C.sub.7 to C.sub.12 -aralkylene group, a C.sub.5 to C.sub.12 -cycloalkyl group which is optionally substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkyl, -alkenyl, -cycloalkyl or -cycloalkenyl, or a C.sub.5 to C.sub.12 -cycloalkenyl group which is optinally substituted by C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 -alkyl, -alkenyl or -cycloalkenyl, but does not denote a hydrocarbon group derived from a terpene, in the ortho- or para-position relative to the particular N atom, n represents an integer from 1 to 29 and Y represents a bifunctional radical --A-- and optionally additionally a bifunctional radical --B--, in each case in the ortho- or para-position relative to the N atoms, wherein --A-- denotes a straight-chain or branched C.sub.

Abstract: Aqueous coal slurries are prepared using aralkyl polyalkylene glycol ethers of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an optionally substituted aryl radical,R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are identical or different and denote hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl,x represents a number in the range from 1 to 3,y represents a number in the range from 1 to 500, andR.sup.4 denotes hydrogen or one of the radicals ##STR2## in which M.sup..sym. represents a metal ion or ammonium,R.sup.5 denotes hydrogen, alkyl or optionally substituted aryl andR.sup.6 denotes hydrogen or alkyl, it being possible for the radicals R.sup.6 in the individual chain members of the polyalkylene glycol chain to be identical or different.

Abstract: Concentrated stable solutions of cationic azo dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## wherein A denotes the radical of an aromatic-carbocyclic or aromatic-heterocyclic diazo component,R denotes alkylene,R.sub.1 denotes hydrogen or alkyl,R.sub.2 denotes alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl,R.sub.3 denotes alkyl,R.sub.4 denotes hydroxyalkyl with 2 or more C atoms,R.sub.5 denotes halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl or acylamino,m denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4 andAn .sup.(-) denotes a carboxylate ion,and wherein the cyclic and acyclic substituents can carry further non-ionic substituents, which solutions have a low salt content, are prepared by simultaneously reacting amines of the formulaA--NH.sub.2 (II)coupling components of the formula ##STR2## and alkali metal nitrites or alkaline earth metal nitrites in aqueous carboxylic acids and, if appropriate, organic water-soluble solvents, and then separating off the alkali metal sulphates or alkaline earth metal sulphates which thereby crystallize out.

Abstract: Imidazoline derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 designate C.sub.1 -C.sub.19 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.19 -alkenyl,m and n designate 2 or 3, andA.sup..crclbar. designates an anion, in particular formate, acetate, phosphate, phosphite, phosphonate, sulphonate, toluenesulphonate or benzoate,a process for their preparation, and their use as softeners.

Abstract: Concentrated, stable solutions, with a low salt content, of cationic azo dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## wherein A denotes the radical of an aromatic-carbocyclic or aromatic heterocyclic diazo component,R denotes alkylene,R.sub.1 denotes hydrogen or alkyl,R.sub.2 denotes alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl,R.sub.3 denotes alkyl,R.sub.4 denotes hydroxyalkyl having 2 or more C atoms,R.sub.5 denotes halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl or acylamino,m denotes 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, andAn.sup.- denotes a carboxylate ion,and whereinthe cyclic and acyclic substituents can carry further non-ionic substituents,are prepared by the reaction of amines of the formulaA-NH.sub.2with coupling components of the formula ##STR2## in aqueous carboxylic acids and, if appropriate, organic water-soluble solvents.

Abstract: Reaction products which are prepared by sulphonation or sulphomethylation and formaldehyde condensation of compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents C.sub.1-4 -alkyl,and, if appropriate, subsequent conversion of the resulting sulphonic acids into their salts are used as dispersing agents.

Abstract: In a mortar comprising an inorganic binder, water and a sulphonated phenol condensation product modifier therefor, the improvement wherein said condensation product comprises a formaldehyde condensation product of a phenol wherein at least about 40% of the phenolic OH groups are etherified with an alkylating agent, the condensation product being present in about 0.05 to 5% by weight of the binder. Advantageously the condensation product is of the formula ##STR1## in which R is H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, C.sub.1-12 -aralkyl, C.sub.1-4 -monohydroxy or dihydroxy alkyl, of C.sub.3-4 -hydroxy chloralkyl, less than 40% of the R groups being H,X is H, CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 M, CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 --R' or NR'.sub.4, at least about half the X groups being CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 M,M is Na, K, Ca/2 or Mg/2,R' is H, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.2-4 -hydroxy alkyl, or another structural unit of the formula (I)andn is at least 3.Thereby the mortar is rendered more plastic and dense while retaining its setting characteristics.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of monoaroylated 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone by contacting 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone with an aroyl halide in the presence of an organic solvent and an acid-binding agent and in the presence of a small amount of water at an elevated temperature, the improvement which comprises carrying out the process in the presence of a tertiary aliphatic aminoalcohol and/or quaternary ammonium compound and commencing the reaction at a temperature of 20.degree. to 50.degree. C. and, after addition of the aroyl halide, completing the reaction at a temperature of 80.degree. to 130.degree. C.

Abstract: Non-ionic emulsifiers which are of the type comprising addition products of alkylene oxides and compounds containing hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups or carboxamide groups and are free from impurities originating from their preparation are obtained by dissolving the reaction mixtures in organic, water-immiscible organic solvents, treating the solutions with water, separating off the aqueous layer and, if appropriate, isolating the emulsifiers by removing the organic solvents.

Abstract: A fuel especially a fuel for an automobile, internal combustion engine or a diesel engine comprising a hydrocarbon water and emulsifier wherein the emulsifier is a non-ionic emulsifier and comprises the addition product of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide and a carboxylic acid amide with 9 to 21 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Fuels and heating oils containing hydrocarbons, water and emulsifiers are disclosed wherein the emulsifier is a non-ionic emulsifier and the non-ionic emulsifier is one which contains less than 1,000 ppm of salt constituents and less than 1 percent by weight of polyalkylene glycol ether constituents.

Abstract: Phosphonic acid esters of the general formula ##STR1## in which R represents a C.sub.12 -C.sub.22 -alkyl or-alkenyl radical, a C.sub.7 --C.sub.18 -aralkyl radical or a radical of the formula --R.sub.4 --O--CO--R.sub.5 or --R.sub.4 --COO--R.sub.5, whereinR.sub.4 denotes an optionally substituted C.sub.2 --C.sub.4 -alkylene radical andR.sub.5 denotes a C.sub.6 --C.sub.22 -alkyl or -alkenyl radical or a cycloalkyl radical,R.sub.1 represents the ethylene and/or 1,2-propylene radical,R.sub.2 represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 --C.sub.4 -alkyl or --(R.sub.1 --O).sub.x-1 R.sub.1 --R.sub.3,R.sub.3 represents OH, Cl or Br,x represents an integer from 2 to 100 andn represents a number from 1 to 10,are used, especially in aqueous formulations, as emulsifying agents and dispersing agents.

Abstract: Dyeing of structures made of polyesters or cellulose esters with disperse dyestuffs is carried out in the presence of chlorinated alkylbenzenes of the general formula ##STR1## in which n=1-3 andR=H or alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Water-soluble phosphoric acid esters which are prepared from polyols and/or epoxides, in some cases polycarboxylic acids or their derivatives and phosphoric acids in the molar ratio 1:(0 to 1.5):(0.05 to 1.5), the sum of the numbers of mols of the carboxylic acids and phosphoric acids being 2/3 to 3/2 of the number of mols of the alcohols, can be used as dispersing agents, liquefaction agents, levelling agents and emulsifiers and builders in detergents.

Abstract: Cationic dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## wherein F denotes the radical of a dyestuff,R denotes hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms,R.sub.1 denotes alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms,R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 denote optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl or conjointly form the remainder of a heterocyclic ring, andR.sub.7 denotes alkyl with 1-4 carbon atoms,are especially suitable for dyeing textiles of polyacrylonitrile and acid modified polyesters and polyamides.

Abstract: In a mortar comprising an inorganic binder, water and a sulphonated phenol condensation product modifier therefor, the improvement wherein said condensation product comprises a formaldehyde condensation product of a phenol wherein at least about 40% of the phenolic OH groups are etherified with an alkylating agent, the condensation product being present in about 0.05 to 5% by weight of the binder. Advantageously the condensation product is of the formula ##STR1## in which R is H, C.sub.1-6 -alkyl, C.sub.1-12 -aralkyl, C.sub.1-4 -monohydroxy or dihydroxy alkyl, of C.sub.3-4 -hydroxy .[.chloralkyl.]. .Iadd.chloroalkyl.Iaddend., less than 40% of the R groups being H,X is H, CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 M, CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 --R' or NR'.sub.4, at least about half the X groups being CH.sub.2 --SO.sub.3 M,M is Na, K, Ca/2 or Mg/2,R' is H, C.sub.1-4 -alkyl, C.sub.2-4 -hydroxy alkyl, or another structural unit of the formula (I)andn is at least 3.