Abstract: In a single-piece connector clamp for flange connections of pipe sections wherein the clamp has a U-shaped spring back with opposite legs and spring arms extending from the legs in spaced relationship and forming spring arm pairs disposed at opposite sides of a reception space for the connector flanges, the connector clamp includes in the center area of the web a cutout area which extends from the base of a spring arm to the adjacent spring arm base so that the spring arms of the single piece connector clamp are supported resiliently for independent clamping action.

Abstract: In a double-wall tail pipe for an exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle exhaust system comprising an inner shell to be mounted on the exhaust pipe, an outer shell surrounding the inner shell and being supported thereon in spaced relationship to form an annular air space therebetween for conducting cooling air therethrough, a support structure provided with air passages is disposed between the inner and the outer shells in an area where the inner shell is seated on the exhaust pipe when the tail pipe is mounted on the exhaust pipe which support structure interconnects the inner and outer shells in an area which is spaced from the discharge end of the tail pipe.

Abstract: In a single-piece connector clamp for flange connections of pipe sections wherein the clamp has a U-shaped spring back with opposite legs and spring arms extending from the legs in spaced relationship and forming spring arm pairs disposed at opposite sides of a reception space for the connector flanges, the connector clamp includes in the center area of the web a cutout area which extends from the base of a spring arm to the adjacent spring arm base so that the spring arms of the single piece connector clamp are supported resiliently for independent clamping action.

Abstract: In a double-wall tail pipe for an exhaust pipe of a motor vehicle exhaust system comprising an inner shell to be mounted on the exhaust pipe, an outer shell surrounding the inner shell and being supported thereon in spaced relationship to form an annular air space therebetween for conducting cooling air therethrough, a support structure provided with air passages is disposed between the inner and the outer shells in an area where the inner shell is seated on the exhaust pipe when the tail pipe is mounted on the exhaust pipe which support structure interconnects the inner and outer shells in an area which is spaced from the discharge end of the tail pipe.

Abstract: The invention relates to an articulated pipe connection for two conducting arts of a motor vehicle which comprises spherical connecting pieces for joining the two conducting parts and has at least on one connecting piece a flange-shaped connecting piece abuttable axially against the latter, said connecting piece being connected with spring tension by spring means with the other connecting piece, with the connecting pieces being held together by the spring means with a pretensioning force.

Abstract: A monolithic exhaust gas catalyst, or catalytic converter, is arranged in a metallic housing and is supported against the inner surfaces of the housing by a resilient fiber material positioned therebetween. The resilient fiber material is provided with a catalytically active coating so that the exhaust gases which flow outside the exhaust gas catalyst and through the fiber material, are also converted by the treated fiber material.

Abstract: A process is described for the determination of the aging condition of an exhaust-gas catalyst for an internal combustion engine which is fitted with .lambda.-controlled regulation of the fuel/air ratio. In the process, the switching of the fuel/air ratio from rich to lean and vice versa is delayed and the content of the combustibles in the exhaust gas downstream of the catalyst is measured. With delayed switching, complete conversion of the exhaust gas only occurs when the catalyst still possesses its full oxygen-storage capability. Since the oxygen-storage capability decreases with increasing age of the catalyst, the degree of conversion or the proportion of combustible components arising in the exhaust gas when conversion is no longer complete is a direct measure of the aging condition of the catalyst. A catalyst can thus be replaced in good time before it is completely destroyed and before undesired components of the exhaust gas reach the atmosphere.

Abstract: A system is provided for measuring the amount of oxygen in exhaust gas emitted by an internal-combustion engine. The system includes an exhaust pipe for conducting engine exhaust gas and a probe for determining the oxygen content of engine exhaust gases. The exhaust pipe has a side wall formed to include an aperture for continuously discharging a portion of the engine exhaust gas flowing through the pipe. The system further includes a support housing for positioning the probe at a location outside of the exhaust pipe in proximity to the side wall aperture so that the probe is exposed to the engine exhaust gas portion discharged through the aperture and for collecting exhaust gas in a space surrounding the probe. The aperture is sized to permit exhaust gas collected in the support housing to be reintroduced into the exhaust pipe so that collected exhaust gas will be exchanged continuously with exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust pipe.