Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for the allothermic gasification of coal with steam. The gasifier is horizontally arranged with heat exchange tubes in separate gasification and pyrolysis zones so that a heat exchange medium is used in both zones.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for the allothermic gasification of coal with steam. The gasifier is vertically arranged with heat exchange tubes in separate gasification and pyrolysis zones so that a heat exchange medium is used in both zones.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for allothermic gasification of coal under pressure with water vapor in a gas generator containing heat-exchange tubes for a heat transfer medium. The hot heat transfer medium that enters the gas generator by the heat-exchange tubes is first introduced in the gasification zone, then in the pyrolysis zone. The coal to be gasified flows counter-currently through the gas generator, so that the current of cooled heat transfer medium is used for heating and pyrolyzing the coal, whereas the heat for gasification is taken from the current of the still hot heat transfer medium. Gas generators vertically or horizontally arranged with fitting designs are used for implementation of the process.

Abstract: Solids from a liquid containing heavy metals are filtered by first degassing the solids-laden liquid and then subjecting the degassed liquid to sedimentation to remove large particles and subsequently intermediate size particles. The suspension of fine particles is then passed in counterflow to a moving bed of granulate, especially black peat, to which the particles tend to adhere externally and internally. Clear liquid is removed from the top of the moving bed and the granulate is washed after being withdrawn from the bottom of the bed and is recycled to the moving bed.

Abstract: A method for thermal treatment, especially drying, of finely particulated bulk material comprises the steps of stirring the material in a reactor by means of a rotating stirrer while simultaneously discharging a heated gas under pressure through openings in a hollow arm of the stirrer so as to form in the reactor a whirling fluidized bed from the material, and introducing the necessary amount of heat for the thermal treatment of the material at least in part through a heat exchanger extending into the whirling fluidized bed.

Abstract: A method of cyclic desorption of adsorption agents cyclically loaded with adsorbates is performed in two phases in which a mixture of a desorption vapor and an adsorption vapor is guided over an adsorption medium in a first adsorption phase, a pure desorption vapor is guided over an adsorption medium in a second adsorption phase, and a vapor mixture produced during the second adsorption phase is introduced into the first adsorption phase.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with active carbon passing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water flows in upward direction therethrough. A distributing arrangement is produced at the region of the lower end of the adsorber, into which waste water is fed, and constructed to assure a substantial even distribution of the waste water during its upward flow through the carbon column. A regulating arrangement is provided to regulate the flow of the carbon through the adsorber in dependence on the concentration of the organic contaminants adsorbed by the carbon.

Abstract: An apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with inorganic granular adsorption material flowing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water is fed in upward direction therethrough. The adsorber has a frustoconical outlet portion in which an inlet cone, having a perforated upwardly tapering wall, is provided into which the waste water is fed to assure a substantially even distribution of the waste water in the column of granular adsorption material during the upward flow of the waste water through the adsorber.

Abstract: The floor in a whirl (i.e. fluidizing) chute for treating solid particles in a vortex of gas advancing in longitudinal direction of the chute comprises a grate for introducing into the chute the whirling gas to impart to the particles a whirling motion in vertical direction and to advance the whirling particles in longitudinal direction, and at least one layer of filling bodies arranged on the grate in the direction of advance of the particles whereby the size of the filling bodies and the height of the layer is adjusted according to desired whirling speed of the treated particles.

Abstract: Apparatus for purification of waste water includes an upright adsorber filled with active carbon passing in downward direction through the adsorber while waste water flows in upward direction therethrough. A distributing arrangement at the region of the lower end of the adsorber, into which waste water is fed, is provided to assure a substantial even distribution of the waste water during its upward flow through the carbon column. Furthermore, a regulating arrangement is provided to regulate the flow of the carbon through the adsorber in dependence on the concentration of the organic contaminants adsorbed by the carbon.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing the method of the invention for the thermal regeneration of contaminated particulate adsorption agents in a fluidized state includes a regeneration chamber which has separate first and second zones for the thermal treatment of the adsorption agents in a fluidized state. A first inlet is provided for admitting contaminated adsorption agents into the first zone and a separate second inlet is provided for admitting contaminated adsorption agents into the second zone. A first outlet is provided for removing regenerated adsorption agents from the first zone whereas a separate second outlet is provided for removing regenerated adsorption agents from the second zone. Means for fluidizing and thermally treating the contaminated adsorption agents so as to regenerate the same includes a combustion chamber arranged to supply hot fluidizing gases to both of the treatment zones. A gas outlet in the regeneration chamber serves to exhaust the fluidizing gases from both of the treatment zones.

Abstract: A housing has a foraminous floor adapted to support a bed of adsorption particles. A plurality of baffles spaced above this floor subdivide the bed into a plurality of compartments. Impurity-carrying particles are fed to the compartment at one end of the elongated chamber and the particles overflow a weir at the compartment at the other end of the chamber. A hot gas is passed up through the bed in all of the chambers to deadsorb the particles and the baffles are spaced so that in the direction of flow each baffle projects more deeply into the bed to flow the flow toward the outlet end. A gas above the furthest upstream compartment is collected and condensed to recover useful constituents, and the gas from the other compartments is burned. It is possible to provide an upstream and a downstream compartment at an upper level and below them several downstream compartments, with the gas from the downstream compartments flowing up through the two upper compartments.

Abstract: A process for the purification of waste water containing dissolved organic carbon contaminants which comprisesA. passing the waste water upwardly through a column of activated carbon particles,B. determining the total organic carbon content of the water before it enters the column and simultaneously at a location that is between 30 and 70% of the total height of the carbon particles in the column,C. continuously withdrawing the spent carbon particles from the bottom of the column at such a rate as to maintain an essentially constant preselected difference between the total organic carbon content of the water as it enters the column and at the preselected location that is between 30 and 70% of the height of the carbon particles in the column,D. continuously introducing fresh activated carbon particles or reactivated carbon particles at the top of the column at such a rate as to compensate for those withdrawn at the bottom of the column, andE. removing the purified water at the top of the column.

Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from exhaust gases by passage through a moving bed of granular, carbon-containing adsorbent. The bed of adsorbent moves downward through a perforated shaft. The direction of flow of the exhaust gas is transverse to that of the adsorbent. The flow of the gas is adjusted so that more gas passes through the upper portion of the bed than through the lower portion.