Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of benzyl alcohol by hydrolysis of benzyl chloride with water at elevated temperatures, which avoids any wastewater pollution.

Abstract: A novel process for the preparation of benzyl alcohol by the hydrolysis of benzyl chloride, which operates with from 10 to 70 times the molar quantity of water at temperatures of from 80.degree. to 180.degree. C. and stops the reaction before complete conversion is reached, avoids both the addition of bases and water-soluble organic solvents and also the formation of sodium chloride.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a mixture which contains benzyl chloride, benzyl alcohol, dibenzyl ether and aqueous hydrochloric acid, wherein said mixture is continuously introduced via a side-feed into a distillation column from which aqueous hydrochloric acid and benzyl chloride are continuously taken off as overhead product, benzyl alcohol and dibenzyl ether are continuously taken off as bottom product, thereby the formation of dibenzyl ether is reduced or virtually prevented.

Abstract: A dc converter for supplying an electronic device in which a feed voltage is summed with an additional voltage generated by rectification and wherein pulse-width control is provided at the primary side of the converter transformer. According to the invention, the additional voltage is generated by rectification in the same manner as the main output voltage is generated, i.e. the rectifier circuit outputting the additional voltage is similar to that outputting the output voltage.

Abstract: Large parts of apparatus are manufactured from a glass fibre reinforced core (2) enclosed in a thin heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant jacket (9) of PVDF attached thereto.

Abstract: To measure the transmission characteristics of a signal line or other four-terminal network, a multifrequency test signal is fed through that network via a first channel to one input of a differential amplifier whose other input receives via a second channel a substantially identical comparison signal. A difference signal in the output of the differential amplifier, after rectification and possible filtering, is used for manual or automatic adjustment of an amplifier (or attenuator) and a delay unit in either or both channels until the magnitude of that difference signal is a minimum, its residual value indicating frequency-dependent distortions such as background noise or phase jitter not removable by broad-band adjustment of signal level and phase delay.

Abstract: A digitally settable frequency generator comprises a master oscillator whose operating frequency f.sub.Q is variable between a normal value f.sub.Q " and a slightly lower value f.sub.Q ' = (1-p)f.sub.Q " with the aid of a normally disconnected tuning capacitor. The master oscillator works into a frequency divider of fixed step-down ratio m:1 (or 2m:1) to produce a reference frequency f.sub.B. A slave oscillator, generating an output frequency f.sub.A = gf.sub.B, is controlled by a phase-locking loop including a phase comparator to which the reference frequency f.sub.B is fed along with a like frequency obtained from output frequency f.sub.A with the aid of another divider having a digitally variable integral step-down ratio g:1. A fractional value i, which may range from 0 to 100%, is set with the aid of a numerical interpolation selector to determine the number n<m of cycles of operating frequency f.sub.Q within a cycle (or half-cycle) of reference frequency f.sub.

Abstract: Ceramic electrical resistors having a positive temperature-resistance coefficient, consisting of barium titanate with an atomic excess of titanium, and having a ferroelectric perowskite structure, the resistor being conductive by the presence therein of a rare earth dopant, the resistor also containing one or more of the following elements: cobalt, chromium, nickel, vanadium, manganese and copper. The resistor composition also desirably containing significant amounts of silicon.