Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure and high .delta. phase content from water glass, which has been prepared hydrothermally, by dehydration of the water glass and subsequent crystallization at elevated temperature, which comprises treating the water glass at temperatures of from 50 to 140.degree. C. prior to dehydration.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure and high .delta. phase content from water glass, which has been prepared predominantly hydrothermally, by dehydration of the water glass and subsequent crystallization at elevated temperature, wherein the water glass is a mixture of water glass prepared hydrothermally and tank furnace water glass, and also to its use.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing sodium disilicate in the .beta. form having a high ion-exchange capacity and a molar ratio Na.sub.2 O:SiO.sub.2 of about 1:2 from a silicate source and sodium hydroxide solution at elevated temperature, with the product formed being separated off by filtration, wherein the product is further heat treated at from 450.degree. to 780.degree. C. and/or is pressed to form compact parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a granular detergent builder in the form of cogranules of a mixture of sodium bicarbonate and crystalline sheet silicates of the formula NaMSi.sub.x O.sub.2x+1 *yH.sub.2 O, where M is sodium or hydrogen, x is a number from 1.9 to 4, and y is a number from 0 to 20, whereina) the granular detergent builder contains 5 to 50% by weight of crystalline sheet silicate and 50 to 95% by weight of sodium bicarbonate;b) has a pH of .ltoreq.10 in 1% strength solution in distilled water;c) has a calcium-binding capacity of .gtoreq.150 mg Ca/g (30.degree. German hardness) and a magnesium-binding capacity of .gtoreq.4 mg Mg/g (3.degree. German hardness), andd) has an apparent density of .gtoreq.850 g/l.The invention likewise relates to a process for the production of such a granular detergent builder, and to its use in detergents and cleaners.

Abstract: Cogranulates of high bulk density which easily disintegrate in water and comprise aluminosilicates and crystalline sodium silicates having a layered structure. The aluminosilicates contained therein are those of the formulaM.sub.2/n O.Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. XSiO.sub.2. yH.sub.2 Oin which M is an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, n indicates the valency of the cation, x is.gtoreq.2 and y has a value of between 0 and 8. The sodium silicates have an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O ratio of (1.8 to 4.2):1. These cogranulates are prepared by mixing the pulverulent aluminosilicates and sodium silicates with one another and introducing the mixture into a zone in which it is compacted between two rolls rotating in opposite directions to form a compact. After comminution of the compact, the desired particle sizes are finally separated off from the oversize and undersize material. The cogranulates can be used in detergents and cleaning agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a crystalline sheet sodium silicate of the general formulaxNa.sub.2 O.multidot.ySiO.sub.2 .multidot.zP.sub.2 O.sub.5in whichthe ratio of x to y corresponds to a number from 0.35 to 0.6,the ratio of x to z corresponds to a number from 1.75 to 1200and the ratio of y to z corresponds to a number from 4 to 2800,a process for its preparation and its use.

Abstract: To prepare a compacted, granular sodium silicate having an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of 1.7:1 to 4.1:1, sodium silicate having a median particle diameter of <500 .mu.m is first mixed with a material increasing its hardness before being converted into pressed granules having particle sizes of 0.1 to 5 mm by compacting, comminution and screening.

Abstract: To prepare a mixture of sodium silicates having lamellar structure and sodium carbonate peroxohydrate, sodium silicate composed essentially of .delta.-Na.sub.2 Si.sub.2 O.sub.5 is reacted at least partially with carbon dioxide and atomized water with continuous circulation with the formation of a kanemite/sodium hydrogen carbonate mixture. The kanemite/sodium hydrogen carbonate mixture and further sodium silicate composed essentially of .delta.-Na.sub.2 Si.sub.2 O.sub.5 is brought into contact with atomized water with continuous circulation. Finally, 0.015 to 1.5 mol of hydrogen peroxide per mole of sodium silicate composed essentially of .delta.-Na.sub.2 Si.sub.2 O.sub.5 employed is added to the resulting kanemite/sodium carbonate mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production of crystalline sodium sheet silicate with kanemite structure with the chemical formulaNaH Si.sub.2 O.sub.5 .multidot.X H.sub.2 Oin which X represents a value between 1 and 3. Crystalline sodium sheet silicate with kanemite structure is produced by maintaining a mixture of sodium disilicate, silica and water in the molar ratio of 1:2:(6-8) at a temperature of 20.degree. to 100.degree. C. for a period of 0.2 to 10 h.

Abstract: The alkaline earth metal potassium acetate according to the invention comprises14 to 19 % by weight of calcium (Ca.sup.++),0 to 1% by weight of magnesium (Mg.sup.++),11 to 16 % by weight of potassium (K.sup.+),62 to 71% by weight of acetate (CH.sub.3 COO.sup.-),0 to 7 % by weight of waterand0 to 2 % by weight of water-insoluble componentsFor its preparation, a calcium oxide containing at least 85% of CaO, acetic acid and potassium hydroxide solution are reacted with one another and the reaction product is granulated to give particles of 0.5 to 5 mm. The alkaline earth metal potassium acetate according to the invention can be used as an environment-friendly deicing agent causing little corrosion.

Abstract: The alkaline earth metal sodium acetate according to the invention comprises18 to 22% by weight of calcium (Ca.sup.++),0 to 1% by weight of magnesium (Mg.sup.++),4 to 7% by weight of sodium (Na.sup.+),66 to 75% by weight of acetate (CH.sub.3 COO.sup.-),0 to 7% by weight of water and0 to 2% by weight of water-insoluble componentsFor its preparation, a calcium oxide containing at least 85% of CaO, acetic acid and sodium hydroxide solution are reacted with one another and the reaction product is granulated to give particles of 0.5 to 5 mm. The alkaline earth metal sodium acetate according to the invention can be used as an environment-friendly deicing agent causing little corrosion.

Abstract: To prepare crystalline sodium disilicates having a laminar structure, a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of (1.9 to 2.1) 1 and a water content of less than 0.3% by weight, a water glass solution is first obtained by reacting sand with sodium hydroxide solution in a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of (2.0 to 2.3) : 1 at temperatures of 180.degree. to 240.degree. C. and pressures of 10 to 30 bar. This water glass solution having at least 20% by weight of solids is treated in a spray drier with hot air at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. with the formation of a pulverulent amorphous sodium disilicate having a water content (determined as loss on heating at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight and a bulk density of at least 300 g/l. The spray-dried pulverulent, amorphous sodium disilicate is ground.

Abstract: To prepare crystalline sodium silicates having a laminated structure, a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 to Na.sub.2 O of (1.9 to 2.1) 1 and a water content of less than 0.3% by weight from a water glass solution which has a solids content of at least 20% by weight and is obtained by reaction of sand with sodium hydroxide solution in a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 : Na.sub.2 O of (2.0 to 2.3) : 1, the water glass solution is treated with hot air of 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. in a spray drying zone to form a pulverulent, amorphous sodium silicate having a water content (determined as the loss on ignition at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight. The pulverulent, amorphous, water-containing sodium silicate is first ground, preferably to particle sizes of 1 to 50 .mu.m, before it is introduced into an inclined rotary tubular oven and treated in this in countercurrent with flue gas at temperatures of more than 500.degree. to 850.degree. C. to form crystalline sodium silicate.

Abstract: For producing crystalline sodium silicates having a layer structure, an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (1.9 to 2.1):1 and a water content of less than 0.3% by weight from a waterglass solution containing at least 20% by weight of solids, the waterglass solution is obtained by reacting quartz sand with sodium hydroxide solution at an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (2.0 to 2.3):1 at temperatures of 180.degree. to 240.degree. C. and pressures of 10 to 30 bar. This waterglass solution is treated in a spray-drying zone with hot air at 200.degree. to 300.degree. C. for a residence time of 10 to 25 seconds and at a temperature of the exit gas leaving the spray-drying zone of 90.degree. to 130.degree. C., to form a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a water content (determined as the loss on ignition at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight and a bulk density of more than 300 g/l.

Abstract: A process for producing amorphous sodium silicates having a water content of 0.3 to 6% by weight and an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (1.9 to 2.8) : 1 from a waterglass solution containing at least 20% by weight of solids, the water-glass solution is obtained by reacting quartz sand with sodium hydroxide solution at an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of (2.0 to 2.8) : 1 at temperatures of 180 to 240.degree. C. and pressures of 10 to 30 bar. This waterglass solution is treated in a spray-drying zone with hot air at 200 to 300.degree. C. for a residence time of 10 to 20 seconds and at a temperature of the exit gas leaving the spray-drying zone of 90.degree. to 130.degree. C., to form a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a water content (determined as the loss on ignition at 700.degree. C.) of 15 to 23% by weight and a bulk density of more than 300 g/l.

Abstract: For the preparation of crystalline sodium silicates having a sheet structure and an SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O molar ratio of 1.9:1 to 3.5:1 from waterglass solutions having a solids content of 20 to 65% by weight, the waterglass solutions are first treated in a spray-drying zone. This gives a pulverulent amorphous sodium silicate having a maximum ignition loss of 20% by weight, while the waste gas leaving the spray-drying zone is at a temperature of at least 140.degree. C. Thereafter, the spray-dried sodium silicate is heated in an ignition zone containing an agitated solid bed at temperatures of 500.degree. to 800.degree. C. for 1 to 60 minutes in the presence of at least 10% by weight of recycled material. This recycled material was obtained by mechanical comminution of crystalline sodium silicate discharged from the ignition zone.

Abstract: To prepare crystalline sodium silicates having a layer structure and the formula Na.sub.2 Si.sub.x O.sub.2x+1, in which x is between 2 and 3, sand and soda are first fused in a molar ratio of SiO.sub.2 /Na.sub.2 O of 2 to 3.5 at temperature of 1200.degree. to 1400.degree. C. The water-glass obtained in pieces after the melt has cooled is ground to particle sizes of less than 2 mm before it is treated at temperatures of 600.degree. to 800.degree. C. for 10 to 120 minutes in an elongated reaction zone with mechanical circulation. Finally, the material leaving the reaction zone is ground to a particle fineness of less than 1 mm.

Abstract: A plant for producing chain-type ammonium polyphosphate from ammonium orthophosphate and phosphorus pentoxide in the presence of gaseous ammonia comprises a reactor having rotatable mixing, kneading and comminuting tools in its interior and a feed pipe for the solid starting materials, an introduction pipe for ammonia, a gas discharge pipe and a discharge line for the reaction product, all of which are flow-connected to the interior of the reactor. The discharge line of the reactor is also connected for material flow to a mixing apparatus. A discharge device, which is controlled by the power consumption of the drive motor of the reactor, is arranged in the discharge line.

Abstract: Alkali metal phosphate solutions having a fluorine content of less than 20 ppm, based on P.sub.2 O.sub.5, are prepared by first digesting crude phosphate using sulfuric acid, and separating the calcium sulfate from the crude phosphoric acid. An alkali metal compound is then added to the crude phosphoric acid, and the precipitated solid is filtered off. The prepurified crude phosphoric acid is neutralized to a pH of at least 7, and the solid produced during this operation is separated off. The resultant alkali metal phosphate solutions having a P.sub.2 O.sub.5 content of from 10 to 30% by weight are adjusted to a pH of between 4.8 and 6.0 using phosphoric acid. The solutions are heated to from 60.degree. to 120.degree. C., and from 1 to 6% by weight, based on the weight of the solution, of an alkaline earth metal oxygen compound are added to the alkali metal phosphate solutions with stirring.

Abstract: The invention relates to a washing agent with a storage-stabilized bleach system and 2 to 20% by weight of detergents and conventional washing auxiliaries, including fillers, the washing agent containing 10 to 50% by weight of a crystalline layered silicate as a builder as well as 1 to 5% by weight of tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) and a bleach, the quantity of bleach being such that 0.5 to 4% by weight of washing-active oxygen (AVOX) is present in the washing agent.