Abstract: An auxiliary tool comprises a body formed of a core material and an elastic cloth covering that covers the surface of the core material. The body is configured for insertion into a pipe ahead of a fluid used to fill the pipe so that during filling of the pipe the flow of the fluid advances the body through the pipe to force out and discharge from the pipe air existing ahead of the body while the body is advanced inside of the pipe.

Abstract: An auxiliary tool comprises a core material covered on the surface with an elastic cloth. The auxiliary tool is inserted into a pipe having curved and bent parts and a fluid is injected into the pipe. Since the cloth covering is elastic and flexible, the auxiliary tool passes through the ridges of peaks in the pipe while maintaining a tight fit against the pipe wall. The auxiliary tool is moved through the pipe without slipping while forcing out air, and is discharged through a discharge side thereof. Air does not accumulate in the curved and bent parts of the pipe, thereby completely filling the pipe with the fluid.

Abstract: An electric heating apparatus comprises a sheet heating element having two end electrodes and a center electrode. The sheet heating element is wound around the external peripheral surface of an airtight and elastic expandable balloon. The balloon is disposed inside a lining material impregnated with a thermosetting resin for repairing a pipe and is swelled against the inside wall of the pipe through the lining material. The end and center electrodes are supplied with electricity to generate heat in the sheet heating element, thereby curing the thermosetting resin impregnated in the lining material. This allows pipe lining to be performed with much higher energy efficiency and simpler steps.

Abstract: A continuous-atmosphere high-temperature furnace apparatus comprises a high-temperature furnace section, a mechanism for continuously supplying substrates or samples to the high-temperature furnace section, and a mechanism for continuously discharging treated substrates or samples from the high-temperature furnace section. Gas is exhausted from the high-temperature furnace section and ambient gas is supplied thereto for reaction to produce carbon materials and various other nanomaterials or to burn and graphitize the nanomaterials. The substrates or samples are sequentially moved for heat treatment, thereby improving the work efficiency of the high-temperature furnace.