Abstract: A microscope having three-dimensional imaging capability and a three-dimensional microscopic imaging method are provided, the microscope including: at least one excitation device configured to generate a detectable contrast in a detection target region of a sample which is to be detected, in an excitation principal axis direction; at least one detection device, configured to detect the contrast as generated from the detection target region of the sample in a detection principal axis; and at least one movement mechanism, configured to generate a relative movement of the sample relative to the excitation device and the detection device; the relative movement is in a direction neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the excitation principal axis direction or the detection principal axis direction.

Abstract: A microscope having three-dimensional imaging capability and a three-dimensional microscopic imaging method are provided, the microscope including: at least one excitation device configured to generate a detectable contrast in a detection target region of a sample which is to be detected, in an excitation principal axis direction; at least one detection device, configured to detect the contrast as generated from the detection target region of the sample in a detection principal axis; and at least one movement mechanism, configured to generate a relative movement of the sample relative to the excitation device and the detection device; the relative movement is in a direction neither parallel to nor perpendicular to the excitation principal axis direction or the detection principal axis direction.

Abstract: An electrode system includes at least one electrically conductive element to effect at least one of (a) delivery an electrical signal to living cells in the vicinity of the electrically conductive element or (b) measurement of an electrical signal from living cells in the vicinity of the electrically conductive element. The electrically conductive element includes a first conductive polymer which includes at least a first chemical agent to affect activity of the living cells. The first chemical agent is associated with the conductive polymer and is releasable from the first conductive polymer to interact with the living cells upon application of a first electrical potential to the electrically conductive element.