Abstract: A sensor system (1) for measuring an electrical signal across a lipid bilayer is formed by a cell (2) and an electrical reader unit (3) which are connectable together. The cell (2) is capable of supporting a lipid bilayer across an aperture (11) in a membrane (10) and has a construction which is cheap to manufacture. The reader unit (3) is a portable device which monitors an electrical signal generated in the connected cell (2) to allow analysis of that electrical signal. The sensor system (1) is intended for use outside of a laboratory setting.

Abstract: To form a layer separating two volumes of aqueous solution, there is used an apparatus comprising elements defining a chamber, the elements including a body of non-conductive material having formed therein at least one recess opening into the chamber, the recess containing an electrode. A pre-treatment coating of a hydrophobic fluid is applied to the body across the recess. Aqueous solution, having amphiphilic molecules added thereto, is flowed across the body to cover the recess so that aqueous solution is introduced into the recess from the chamber and a layer of the amphiphilic molecules forms across the recess separating a volume of aqueous solution introduced into the recess from the remaining volume of aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for forming a lipid bilayer across an aperture, comprises: (a) providing a cell having a chamber adjacent to a septum comprising a membrane having an aperture capable of supporting a lipid bilayer; (b) depositing one or more lipids on an internal surface of the chamber; (c) introducing an aqueous solution into the chamber to cover the aperture and the internal surface and to form an interface between the solution and lipids; and (d) moving the interface past the aperture at least once to form a lipid bilayer across the aperture.

Abstract: Systems and methods that characterizes a load as a function of position/movement of mechanical components—as induced by such load in the servo-drive system. By running a plurality of motion profiles, corresponding torque/forces that generate such motions can be calculated and readily represented (e.g., as a table) in form of a position dependent load. In addition, a parsing component can decompose or break up a load (which generates a desired motion) to its subparts or constituent values for further simulation analysis.

Abstract: To form a layer separating two volumes of aqueous solution, there is used an apparatus comprising elements defining a chamber, the elements including a body of non-conductive material having formed therein at least one recess opening into the chamber, the recess containing an electrode. A pre-treatment coating of a hydrophobic fluid is applied to the body across the recess. Aqueous solution, having amphiphilic molecules added thereto, is flowed across the body to cover the recess so that aqueous solution is introduced into the recess from the chamber and a layer of the amphiphilic molecules forms across the recess separating a volume of aqueous solution introduced into the recess from the remaining volume of aqueous solution.

Abstract: A method for indicating the concentration of a substance in solution includes passing an alternating voltage between a first electrode structure having coated thereon a polymer and a second separate counter electrode in the solution. The polymer is in one of an oxidized and a reduced state, between which states its conductivity varies. Changes in the conductivity of the polymer coating are measured, the measurement being representative of the state of the polymer and thereby of the concentration of the substance in the solution. Electrodes for use in this method are also described.

Abstract: Disclosed are reconstituted lyophilized formulations for the treatment of mammalian tumors comprising a thioxanthenone antitumor agent in combination with mannitol or sucrose as a stabilizer in a lactate buffer.

Abstract: Melt-processible aromatic polyamides are obtained by reacting certain N,N'-isophthaloyl bis(lactam) compounds with certain aromatic diamines.

Abstract: Thermoprocessible aramid matrix polymer based composites have high flex and short beam shear strengths and low moisture uptake.

Abstract: Thermoprocessible aramid matrix polymer based composites have high flex and short beam shear strengths and low moisture uptake.

Abstract: Thermoprocessible aramid matrix polymer based composites have high flex and short beam shear strengths and low moisture uptake.

Abstract: The tendency of a unipolar energized stepping motor, having a circuit for enabling the self-decay of winding currents, to oscillate or flutter under some mid-velocity conditions is minimized by reducing the deviation of the motor's rotor from the synchronized position dictated by the energization of its winding by inversely altering the time about a nominal time when a change of the motor's energization is to occur after receipt of an input pulse in accordance with the extent of the decay current in the winding being deenergized.

Abstract: A diametrical cross-sectional peripheral shape of each of the teeth of a rotor of a stepping motor is made to be more acute than the conventional peripheral arcurate shape that corresponds to an arc having a radius that extends from the axis of the rotor.

Abstract: The formation of manganese-derivative scale in equipment involved in polyester manufacture is reduced by introduction of a sterically hindered benzoic acid in approximately stoichiometric amount. The acids include 2,6-dichloro-, 2,6-dimethyl- and 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acids. The scale is believed to be insoluble manganese terephthalate, presumably formed by reaction of manganese acetate catalyst generated as a result of a side reaction during the ester exchange reaction of dimethyl terephthalate with excess ethylene glycol. Preferably an alkali metal salt of an organic acid, such as sodium acetate or lithium acetate is also used to give a synergistic effect in combination with the hindered acid.

Abstract: The tendency of a stepping motor to oscillate or flutter under some mid-velocity conditions is minimized by reducing the deviation of the motor's rotor from its normal synchronous position by altering the time about a nominal time when a change of energization of the motor's windings is to occur after receipt of an input pulse in accordance with the duration of the decay current that existed at the prior change of energization.

Abstract: Apparatus and controls for indicating the position of a stepping motor rotor as it successively steps and without the need for physically driven encoders or pulse generators, characterized by arrangements for sensing the current, or the rate of change of current, flowing in the motor windings. The intelligence indicating when the rotor reaches successive positions is applied advantageously to a utilization device such as a counter to signal the position of a driven load, and is used to control sequenced energization of the motor windings to create the advantages of a closed loop system but without a driven feedback device.

Abstract: Conductive compositions useful in imparting antistatic properties in filaments and other articles are provided, which comprise N-alkyl polycarbonamides, polyesters or polyetheresters having a Tg (NMR) less than 25.degree. C and from 0.02 to 35 weight percent of a phosphonium salt of a phosphonate, phosphinate, or sulfonate.

Abstract: An antistatic synthetic polymer having a T.sub.g (NMR) of less than 25.degree. C., a log R.sub.s of less than 10 and containing phosphonium sulfonate groups can be used to improve the conductivity of synthetic fiber-forming polymers.

Abstract: An antistatic synthetic polymer having a T.sub.g (NMR) of less than 25.degree. C., a log R.sub.s of less than 10 and containing phosphonium sulfonate groups can be used to improve the conductivity of synthetic fiber-forming polymers.

Abstract: Conductive compositions useful in imparting antistatic properties in filaments and other articles are provided, which comprise N-alkyl polycarbonamides, polyesters or polyetheresters having a Tg (NMR) less than 25.degree. C and from 0.02 to 35 weight percent of a phosphonium salt of a phosphonate, phosphinate, or sulfonate.