Abstract: A helmet comprises a shell, a gasket, and a facemask. A recessed region is formed on an exterior surface of the shell of the helmet. The gasket is disposed on the recessed region of the shell. The facemask is disposed on the gasket.

Abstract: A protective liner for personal protective equipment comprises a foam component and a polymer component. The foam component is embedded in parallel with the polymer component such that the foam component and the polymer component absorb energy in parallel during impact.

Abstract: An improved athletic helmet comprises an outer shell having an interior and an exterior surface, an inner liner attached to the interior of the outer shell, and a face mask attached to the exterior of the outer shell. In an embodiment, the face mask engages within a recess in the exterior surface of the outer shell for receiving the face mask. The face mask may comprise a flange for engaging the recess and attaching the face mask to the outer shell. Preferably, the flange of the face mask is substantially flush with the exterior of the outer shell. In one embodiment, the inner liner comprises a viscoelastic foam. In another embodiment, the face mask comprises a lightweight magnesium material.

Abstract: An improved athletic helmet comprises an outer shell having an interior and an exterior surface, an inner liner attached to the interior of the outer shell, and a face mask attached to the exterior of the outer shell. In an embodiment, the face mask engages within a recess in the exterior surface of the outer shell for receiving the face mask. The face mask may comprise a flange for engaging the recess and attaching the face mask to the outer shell. Preferably, the flange of the face mask is substantially flush with the exterior of the outer shell. In one embodiment, the inner liner comprises a viscoelastic foam. In another embodiment, the face mask comprises a lightweight magnesium material.

Abstract: A mouthpiece assembly for use in detecting impact forces on the neck and head of a user is disclosed. The mouthpiece assembly includes sensors which determine linear and rotational impact forces on the user. The mouthpiece assembly includes a mouth guard having a channel sized to receive the upper teeth therein. A raised dome portion extends from the mouth guard and is adapted to be positioned adjacent the roof of the mouth. The sensors are located in the raised dome portion and the mouth guard or in other locations of the mouthpiece if mouthpiece sensors are required. An indicator is provided to provide a visual and/or audible indication when the magnitude of an impact exceeds a threshold value.

Abstract: A protective chin strap for headwear such as an athletic helmet is provided with a chin portion including an inflatable pouch and a manually operated valve pump so that the wearer can inflate the pouch to adjust the tension of the strap to adjust the force holding the helmet on the head of the wearer as well as at the same time provide a shock absorbing cushion on the chin of the user.

Abstract: A helmet includes an outer shell and an inner liner. The inner liner includes a visual indicator to indicate when the helmet has experienced an impact of sufficient force to permanently deform a portion of the inner liner. The visual indicator thus indicates when the helmet no longer offers it's peak level of protection to the wearer and should be repaired or replaced.

Abstract: A helmet includes an outer shell and an inner liner. The inner liner includes a visual indicator to indicate when the helmet has experienced an impact of sufficient force to permanently deform a portion of the inner liner. The visual indicator thus indicates when the helmet no longer offers it's peak level of protection to the wearer and should be repaired or replaced.

Abstract: A protective chin strap for headwear such as an athletic helmet is provided with a chin portion including an inflatable pouch and a manually operated valve pump so that the wearer can inflate the pouch to adjust the tension of the strap to adjust the force holding the helmet on the head of the wearer as well as at the same time provide a shock absorbing cushion on the chin of the user.

Abstract: A signalling device is installed in headwear, such as an athletic helmet, and includes sensing devices for detecting linearly and rotationally directed impacts above a selected magnitude. The sensing devices trigger the signalling device so as to produce a perceivable signal, thereby alerting observers that a potentially injurious impact has occurred.

Abstract: A helmet assembly for providing an indication when a predetermined axial compressive force tending to cause serious injury to the wearer is applied thereto. The assembly comprises a rigid helmet having a lower rim for at least partially encircling the head of the wearer. The helmet is defined by an exterior surface including a crown areal. A transmitting device is carried by the helmet for transmitting a signal to a remote location when a predetermined amount of axial compressive force is applied to the crown area. Receiving means disposed remotely from the helmet receives the signal transmitted by the transmitting device.

Abstract: A signalling device is installed in headwear such as an athletic helmet and includes triaxially sensitive sensors for detecting impacts above a selected magnitude and for providing a signal characteristic of the magnitude and direction of an impact.

Abstract: A helmet has attached to its lower rim an inflatable bag which normally is folded so as not to restrict normal head and neck movements of the wearer but on inflation will fill the gap between the helmet rim and shoulders of a wearer. Carried by the helmet and preferably packed with the bag is a package including a conventional gas generator, igniter and battery. A switch to operate the igniter is located on the crown area of the exterior surface of the helmet and is closable on an impact with a predetermined force on the crown of the helmet. When closed the bag is almost instantaneously inflated and fills the gap to transfer most if not all of the impact force to the shoulders and relieve the cervical spine of a damaging axial compressive force. In another version, shoulder pads are provided in which there is an attachment in the form of an inflatable bag on the inner rim encircling the neck of the wearer.

Abstract: A helmet has attached to its lower rim an inflatable bag which normally is folded so as not to restrict normal head and neck movements of the wearer but on inflation will fill the gap between the helmet rim and shoulders of a wearer. Carried by the helmet and preferably packed with the bag is a package including a conventional gas generator, igniter and battery. A switch to operate the igniter is located in the crown area of the helmet and is closable on an impact with a predetermined force on the crown of the helmet. When closed the bag is almost instantaneously inflated and fills the gap to transfer most if not all of the impact force to the shoulders and relieve the cervical spine of a damaging axial compressive force. In another version, the attachment is a rigid padded ring conforming to the contour of the lower rim or base of the helmet and the lower part of the face guard, if any.