Abstract: In accordance with one or more preferred implementations, an overlay network in the form of a dispersive virtual network is implemented utilizing data deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a data plane and call processing deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a control plane. Various nodes in the dispersive virtual network, such as end devices running dispersive virtual networking client software, establish communication channels to these deflects running dispersive virtual networking protocols transported by user datagram protocol (UDP) frames, transmission control protocol (TCP) streams, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streams.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more preferred implementations, an overlay network in the form of a dispersive virtual network is implemented utilizing data deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a data plane and call processing deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a control plane. Various nodes in the dispersive virtual network, such as end devices running dispersive virtual networking client software, establish communication channels to these deflects running dispersive virtual networking protocols transported by user datagram protocol (UDP) frames, transmission control protocol (TCP) streams, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streams.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more preferred implementations, an overlay network in the form of a dispersive virtual network is implemented utilizing data deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a data plane and call processing deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a control plane. Various nodes in the dispersive virtual network, such as end devices running dispersive virtual networking client software, establish communication channels to these deflects running dispersive virtual networking protocols transported by user datagram protocol (UDP) frames, transmission control protocol (TCP) streams, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streams.

Abstract: In accordance with one or more preferred implementations, an overlay network in the form of a dispersive virtual network is implemented utilizing data deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a data plane and call processing deflects to implement and facilitate routing in a control plane. Various nodes in the dispersive virtual network, such as end devices running dispersive virtual networking client software, establish communication channels to these deflects running dispersive virtual networking protocols transported by user datagram protocol (UDP) frames, transmission control protocol (TCP) streams, and hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) streams.

Abstract: A mobile station can be connected to more than one base station in a procedure known as macro-diversity. In order to synchronize the signals for a specific cellular call connection, the time difference between the connected base station's signal and a macro-diversity candidate base station's signal is measured by a mobile station. This measurement is then transmitted to the network. The measurements can be used to achieve synchronization via frame staggering.

Abstract: A method for improving time synchronization of digital data signals in receivers by using more than one known data sequence to provide a plurality of timing recovery functions and based on these, one or more optimal sampling points. By using existing data sequences in each frame, the disclosed method provides improved time synchronization without increasing transmission overhead.

Abstract: Reception of a transmission in a radiotelephone system including an equalizer is improved by training the equalizer using a synchronization portion of the transmission having a data pattern chosen for its correlation properties and retraining the equalizer using a portion of the transmission transmitted for a different purpose. In particular, the portion of the transmission transmitted for a different purpose may be the digital verification color code transmitted during each burst in a digital cellular mobile radiotelephone system. Reception quality is increased by training the equalizer at more frequent intervals without increasing transmission overhead.