Abstract: The present disclosure provides a surfactant formulation for use in treating and recovering fossil fluid from a subterranean formation. The surfactant formulation includes a primary surfactant, a formulation stability agent and injection water. The surfactant formulation may be injected into one or more injection wells located within the subterranean formation and fossil fluids can then be subsequently recovered from one or more producing wells.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a surfactant composition for use in treating and recovering oil from an oil-bearing subterranean formation. The surfactant composition includes a primary surfactant and a biodegradable chelant comprising ethylenediamine disuccinc acid and/or sodium salts thereof.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a surfactant formulation for use in treating and recovering fossil fluid from a subterranean formation. The surfactant formulation includes a primary surfactant, a formulation stability agent and injection water.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of a rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foam in the presence of a blowing agent mixture comprising cyclopentane and a certain amounts of other organic compounds as co-blowing agenrts, the the saturated vapour pressure of said co-blowing agents in bar at T.sub.use (v.p.) complying with the following equation (I) ##EQU1## wherein C is the mole % of said co-blowing agent in gaseous form on the total blowing agent mixture in the gaseous phase after foaming and T.sub.use is the temperature in .degree.K. at which the foam is used.