Abstract: A cannula system is provided that enables hands-free operation of cameras by a surgeon and provides 3D images of the surgical site. An exemplary cannula system comprises a cannula having a proximal end, a distal end, a central lumen, and an insertion axis. A disc is mounted to the distal end of the cannula. The disc has two separable half portions, and each separable half portion defines at least one internal slot. A camera is housed in each of the separable half portions in the internal slots. Each camera is aligned with the insertion axis and live streams during insertion of the cannula system to provide under vision insertion. An obturator is configured to be at least partially disposed within the central lumen of the cannula. When the obturator is removed the two separable half portions of the disc can be slid apart to surgical position.

Abstract: A device for hands-free hanging a hand-operated tool is attachable to a garment. The aforesaid device comprises: (a) a drum retractor having a rotatable reel loaded by a spring; (b) a cable having a first terminal secured to said reel and a second terminal connectable to said hand-operated tool; said cable is at least partially coiled on the rotatable reel. The cable is provided an arresting arrangement comprising a retaining member secured to the cable in cooperation with a quickly openable gate having an open position and a closed position such that the cable carrying the retaining member is uncoilable from the reel in the open position and blocked from uncoiling in the closed position.

Abstract: A device for hands-free hanging a hand-operated tool is attachable to a garment. The aforesaid device comprises: (a) a drum retractor having a rotatable reel loaded by a spring; (b) a cable having a first terminal secured to said reel and a second terminal connectable to said hand-operated tool; said cable is at least partially coiled on the rotatable reel. The cable is provided an arresting arrangement comprising a retaining member secured to the cable in cooperation with a quickly openable gate having an open position and a closed position such that the cable carrying the retaining member is uncoilable from the reel in the open position and blocked from uncoiling in the closed position.

Abstract: A distribution system that may include multiple radio frequency outputs, a group of channel processing and digital up conversion units, and a set of digital to analog converters. The set of digital to analog converters is coupled between the group of channel processing and digital up conversion units and the multiple radio frequency outputs. The group of channel processing units may be arranged to generate multiple digital multiplexes and to provide the multiple digital multiplexes to the set of digital to analog converters. Each digital multiplex comprises digital broadcast channels provided from at least two channel processing and digital up conversion units. The set of the digital to analog converters may be arranged to convert the multiple digital multiplexes to provide multiple analog multiplexes and to provide the multiple analog multiplexes to the multiple radio frequency outputs.

Abstract: A distribution system that may include multiple radio frequency outputs, a group of channel processing and digital up conversion units, and a set of digital to analog converters. The set of digital to analog converters is coupled between the group of channel processing and digital up conversion units and the multiple radio frequency outputs. The group of channel processing units may be arranged to generate multiple digital multiplexes and to provide the multiple digital multiplexes to the set of digital to analog converters. Each digital multiplex comprises digital broadcast channels provided from at least two channel processing and digital up conversion units. The set of the digital to analog converters may be arranged to convert the multiple digital multiplexes to provide multiple analog multiplexes and to provide the multiple analog multiplexes to the multiple radio frequency outputs.

Abstract: The root canal instrument for preparing a housing for a pivot inside dental roots includes a working part extending along a longitudinal axis. A cross-section of a frustoconical envelope of the working part embodying an elliptical section or an ovoid section or an oblong section or a section of the type includes a front circle portion and a rear circle portion joined by two side bend portions. A diameter of the front circle portion is longer than or equal to a diameter of the rear circle portion.

Abstract: A glove for sports and other uses is provided comprising a palm portion configured to substantially cover a user's palm and palm side surface of the user's fingers and thumb, and a back portion configured to substantially cover the back of a user's hand and back surface of the user's fingers and thumb. One or more inserts are provided between at least two of the fingers, with the inserts webbing the fingers together and spacing them apart. Alternatively, one or more inserts are provided between at least two of the fingers, with the inserts spacing the fingers apart without webbing them together. The inserts assist in improving the grip of the user. They are also beneficial for aiding in the absorption of shock.

Abstract: A glove for sports and other uses is provided comprising a palm portion configured to substantially cover a user's palm and palm side surface of the user's fingers and thumb, and a back portion configured to substantially cover the back of a user's hand and back surface of the user's fingers and thumb. One or more inserts are provided between at least two of the fingers, with the inserts webbing the fingers together and spacing them apart. Alternatively, one or more inserts are provided between at least two of the fingers, with the inserts spacing the fingers apart without webbing them together. The inserts assist in improving the grip of the user. They are also beneficial for aiding in the absorption of shock.

Abstract: A polymerized hydrogel composition for hydrating or dehydrating a surface, particularly a dermatological surface, to which it is applied and a method for forming the composition. The composition is comprised of a mixture of two polymerizable materials, a two-part redox catalyst system and a two-part polymerization medium. The percentage by weight of each element in the composition may be varied within stated percentage ranges and depending to the desired application. The rate at which hydration or dehydration occurs may be controllably altered by varying the percentages of certain of the composition elements and by adding either or both of a fibrous filler material and a humectant to the composition.

Abstract: A polymerized hydrogel composition for hydrating or dehydrating a surface, particularly a dermatological surface, to which it is applied and a method for forming the composition. The composition is comprised of a mixture of two polymerizable materials, a two-part redox catalyst system and a two-part polymerization medium. The percentage by weight of each element in the composition may be varied within stated percentage ranges and depending to the desired application. The rate at which hydration or dehydration occurs may be controllably altered by varying the percentages of certain of the composition elements and by adding either or both of a fibrous filler material and a humectant to the composition.

Abstract: Laser radiation having a selected wavelength and in the form of pulses having a selected pulse duration, repetition rate and energy content per pulse, is employed for performing a variety of dental and medical procedures, including cutting of enamel, dentin, cementum, dental root material, bone and metal. Cavities and openings in teeth and bones can be filled with a mixture containing hydroxyapatite and phosphoric acid, mixed together to form a paste, and the resulting mixture, after being introduced into the opening or cavity, can be cured and hardened by application of pulses of defocused laser radiation.

Abstract: Laser radiation having a selected wavelength and in the form of pulses having a selected pulse duration, repetition rate and energy content per pulse, is employed for performing a variety of dental and medical procedures, including cutting of enamel, dentin, cementum, dental root material, bone and metal. Cavities and openings in teeth and bones can be filled with a mixture containing hydroxyapatite and phosphoric acid, mixed together to form a paste, and the resulting mixture, after being introduced into the opening or cavity, can be cured and hardened by application of pulses of defocused laser radiation.

Abstract: Laser radiation having a selected wavelength and in the form of pulses having a selected pulse duration, repetition rate and energy content per pulse, is employed for performing a variety of dental and medical procedures, including treatment of cysts and granulomas in the gum, and cutting of dentin, cementum, dental root material, bone and metal. Cavities and openings in teeth and bones can be filled with a mixture containing hydroxyapatite and phosphoric acid, mixed together to form a paste, and the resulting mixture, after being introduced into the opening or cavity, can be cured and hardened by application of pulses of defocussed laser radiation.

Abstract: The cutting of tooth or bone tissue with laser radiation is enhanced by giving the radiation a polarization P parallel to the surface of the tissue being cut. For enlarging a tooth canal, laser radiation is delivered via an optical fiber which is introduced into the canal and is tapered in the region of its distal end. To fill a canal, an optical fiber having a low melting point is introduced into the canal and radiation is conducted through the fiber to melt the fiber and form the filling. The fiber may be coated with a material which will be melted by the radiation and will bond to the canal wall.

Abstract: A medical or dental handpiece for the performance of laser radiation treatments, composed of: an elongate housing constructed to be held in the hand, the housing having a radiation delivery end and enclosing a chamber which is adjacent the radiation delivery end; a radiation conducting element disposed in the housing for conducting laser radiation from a laser source into the chamber and toward the radiation delivery end; and a gas flow path in the chamber for guiding a flow of cooling gas through the chamber in a direction from the radiation conducting element toward the radiation delivery end.

Abstract: An opening in bone or tooth tissue is repaired by at least partially filling the opening with a calcium-containing material in a moldable state and a protein gel; and applying to the gel laser radiation in a manner to weld that material to one of the bone or tooth tissue adjacent the opening and the calcium-containing material without causing harmful side effects to the bone or tooth tissue.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing a medical or dental treatment by: providing radiation at two different wavelengths and at respective power levels such that the radiation at each wavelength is individually capable of cutting a given organic tissue; simultaneously applying the laser radiation at the two different wavelengths to a single body region which is composed of the given tissue; and directing a cooling fluid at the single body fluid region simultaneously with the step of applying radiation.

Abstract: A method of eliminating bacteria from water without resort to chemicals. The method is carried out by: mixing into the water a dye which stains bacteria contained in the water; and irradiating the water containing the dye with radiation at a wavelength which is absorbed more highly by the dye than by water and at a radiation power density sufficient to vaporize at least a significant proportion of the dye and the bacteria stained by the dye.

Abstract: Laser radiation having a selected wavelength and in the form of pulses having a selected pulse duration, repetition rate and energy content per pulse, is employed for performing a variety of dental and medical procedures, including cutting of enamel, dentin, cementum, dental root material, bone and metal. Cavities and openings in teeth and bones can be filled with a mixture containing hydroxyapatite and phosphoric acid, mixed together to form a paste, and the resulting mixture, after being introduced into the opening or cavity, can be cured and hardened by application of pulses of defocused laser radiation.

Abstract: An optical member for transmission of laser radiation, the fiber comprising a light transmitting element containing calcium fluoride.