Abstract: A process for preparing sulphur composites is disclosed. Molten sulphur is combined with filler and/or aggregate, with a compound of formula (I) wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently chosen from alkoxy, acyloxy, aryloxy, alkyl, aryl and halogen, wherein R4 is alkylene and wherein X is a leaving group; and with a compound of formula (II): MmSn wherein M is a nitrogen-containing cation, a phosphorus-containing cation or a metal atom, m is 1 or 2 and n is from 1 to 8, or M is hydrogen, i is 2 and n is 1, The invention yet further relates to a process for preparing an organosilane coupling agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sulphur cement pre- composition, comprising sulphur and at least an organotitanate, which organotitanate is of the general molecular formula (1) or (2): wherein OR1, OR2 and OR5 are independently chosen from acyloxy, phosphato, pyrophosphate, sulfonato and glycoxy; and XO and X?O are independently chosen from alkoxy or neoalkoxy group or XO and X?O together form a glycoxy group. The invention further provides a process for preparing such sulphur cement pre-composition, processes for the preparation of a sulphur cement product, a sulphur cement product and the use of such sulphur cement pre-composition. The invention even further relates to the use of an organotitanate stabilizing agent.

Abstract: The invention provides modified sulphur comprising sulphur and a polysulphide-containing organosilane in an amount of in the range of from 0.3 to 25 wt % based on the weight of sulphur, in which modified sulphur the combined amount of sulphur and polysulphide-containing organosilane make up in the range of from 90 to 100 wt % of the obtained modified sulphur and wherein the polysulphide-containing organosilane is of the general molecular formula (1): (X3Si)mH(2n+1?m)Cn-Sa-Cn?H(2n?+1?m?)(SiX?3)m?; wherein a is an integer in the range of from 2 to 8, X and X? each are, independently, a hydrolysable group, n and n? each are, independently, an integer in the range of from 1 to 4, and m and m? each are, independently, an integer in the range of from 1 to (2n+1). The invention further provides a process for preparing such modified sulphur, a sulphur cement product comprising the modified sulphur and a process for preparing such.

Abstract: An elongated-shaped particle having two protrusions; each extending from and attached to a central position, wherein the central position is aligned along the longitudinal axis of the particle, the cross-section of the particle occupying the space encompassed by the outer edges of six circles around a central circle, in which each of the six circles touches two neighboring circles and two alternating circles are equidistant to the central circle and may be attached to the central circle, and the two circles adjacent to the two alternating circles (but not the common circle) touching the central circle, minus the space occupied by the four remaining outer circles and including four remaining interstitial regions.

Abstract: A method of preparing, preferably recycling, a catalyst support material is disclosed and is particularly applicable to recycling a titania support. The invention includes crushing the used catalyst support that is obtained by leaching catalytic components from a used supported catalyst and preferably combining it with new catalyst support in order to provide the required average particle size and ratio of crystal phases. The invention has a number of benefits including making use of used catalyst support materials which have been conventionally disposed of and also providing a method to more efficiently recycle the active component. Where the support is recycled for a similar application, less promoter may be required.

Abstract: A catalyst, catalyst precursor, or catalyst carrier formed as an elongated shaped particle having a cross section comprising three protrusions each extending from and attached to a central position. The central position is aligned along the longitudinal axis of the particle. The cross-section of the particle occupies the space encompassed by the outer edges of six outer circles around a central circle, each of the six outer circles contacting two neighbouring outer circles, the particle occupying three alternating outer circles equidistant to the central circle and the six interstitial regions, the particle not occupying the three remaining outer circles which are between the alternating occupied outer circles. The ratio of the diameter of the central circle to the diameter of the outer occupied circle is more than 1, and the ratio of the diameter of the outer unoccupied circle to the diameter of the outer occupied circle is more than 1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sulphur cement pre-composition, comprising sulphur and at least a polysulphide-containing organosilane in an amount of at least 0.3 wt % based on the weight of the total composition, which polysulphide-containing organosilane is of the general molecular formula: (X3Si)mH(2n+1?m)Cn—Sa—Cn?H(2n?+1?m?) (SiX?3)m? (1) wherein a is an integer in the range of from 2 to 8, X and X? each are, independently, a hydrolysable group, n and n? each are, independently, an integer in the range of from 1 to 4, and m and m? each are, independently, an integer in the range of from 1 to (2n+1). The invention further provides a process for preparing such sulphur cement pre-composition, a process for the preparation of sulphur cement or sulphur cement-aggregate composite, a sulphur cement or a sulphur cement-aggregate composite and the use of such sulphur cement pre-composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sulphur cement pre-composition, comprising sulphur and at least an organotitanate, which organotitanate is of the general molecular formula (1): wherein R1 is CnH(2n)—SaR4 or CmH(2m+1) and n is an integer in the range of from 1 to 4, m is an integer in the range of from 1 to 30 and a is an integer in the range of from 2 to 8, R4 is S, H, or CpH(2p+1) and p is an integer in the range of from 1 to 8, XO is an alkoxy or neoalkoxy group, R2 and R3 are, independently, a CnH(2n)—SaR4, alkyl, neoalkyl, acyl or aryl group. The invention further provides a process for preparing such sulphur cement pre-composition, processes for the preparation of a sulphur cement product, a sulphur cement product and the use of such sulphur cement pre-composition. The invention even further relates to the use of an organotitanate stabilizing agent.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mould for shaping a sulphur cement product, which mould has an inner surface describing an inner volume for receiving a cast material, an outer surface and a barrier comprised between the inner surface and the outer surface, which barrier has a thermal conductance per unit area of at most 100 W/m2K in a direction perpendicular to the inner surface. The invention further provides a process for shaping a sulphur cement product.

Abstract: A process for treating a stream of elemental sulphur comprising an organic polysulphide and/or a thiol for smell improvement, the process comprising the following steps: (a) providing a molten stream of elemental sulphur comprising an organic polysulphide and/or a thiol at a temperature in the range of from 120 to 160° C.; (b) admixing a liquid unsaturated compound with the stream of molten elemental sulphur in an amount in the range of from 0.01 to 10.0 wt % based on the weight of sulphur to allow the organic polysulphide and/or thiol to react with the unsaturated compound.

Abstract: A catalyst support in the shape of a non-planar ring having a bore; wherein there is no rotational symmetry around the axis extending through the centre of the bore defined by the ring, and wherein the ratio of the thickness of the ring to the outer diameter of the ring is less than 0.5. The catalyst support shape is especially advantageous to pack within a fixed bed multitubular reactor such as that used for Fischer-Tropsch reactions. The packing of such shapes can reduce the pressure drop across the tubes with little or no difference in the porosity.

Abstract: A method of preparing, preferably recycling, a catalyst support material is disclosed and is particularly applicable to recycling a titania support. The invention includes crushing the used catalyst support that is obtained by leaching catalytic components from a used supported catalyst and preferably combining it with new catalyst support in order to provide the required average particle size and ratio of crystal phases. The invention has a number of benefits including making use of used catalyst support materials which have been conventionally disposed of and also providing a method to more efficiently recycle the active component. Where the support is recycled for a similar application, less promoter may be required.

Abstract: A catalyst, catalyst precursor, or catalyst carrier formed as an elongated shaped particle having a cross section comprising three protrusions each extending from and attached to a central position. The central position is aligned along the longitudinal axis of the particle. The cross-section of the particle occupies the space encompassed by the outer edges of six outer circles around a central circle, each of the six outer circles contacting two neighbouring outer circles, the particle occupying three alternating outer circles equidistant to the central circle and the six interstitial regions, the particle not occupying the three remaining outer circles which are between the alternating occupied outer circles. The ratio of the diameter of the central circle to the diameter of the outer occupied circle is more than 1, and the ratio of the diameter of the outer unoccupied circle to the diameter of the outer occupied circle is more than 1.

Abstract: A process for preparing a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst comprising the steps of a) providing a particle comprising a support and having a catalytically active metal homogenously distributed therein, wherein at least 50 wt % of the catalytically active metal is present as divalent oxide or divalent hydroxide; b) treating the particle with a water vapour comprising gas having a relative humidity of at least 80% or with liquid water for at least two hours; and c) drying the catalyst particle.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a catalyst precursor for use in a reactor, comprising the steps of: (a) coating one or more promoter(s) and/or one or more co-catalyst(s) onto a carrier material to form a coated carrier material; (b) combining a catalyst material with the coated carrier material of step (a); and (c) calcining the material of step (b).

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing a sulphur cement product comprising the following steps: (a) selectively oxidising hydrogen sulphide to elemental sulphur by contacting, in a reaction zone, a hydrogen sulphide containing feed gas and a molecular-oxygen containing gas with a particulate oxidation catalyst under selective oxidation conditions; (b) discharging a stream comprising liquid and/or solid elemental sulphur and particulate oxidation catalyst from the reaction zone; (c) admixing the stream comprising elemental sulphur and particulate oxidation catalyst with at least any one of elemental sulphur, a sulphur cement filler, a sulphur cement modifier, or aggregate at a temperature at which sulphur is molten; (d) solidifying the mixture obtained in step (c) by cooling it to a temperature below the melting temperature of sulphur to obtain the sulphur cement product.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for joining solid-state compositions comprising adhering two or more solid-state composition together with an asphaltenes-containing adhesive which comprises in the range of from 100 to 10% by weight of an asphaltenes-containing binder having a penetration of less than 15 dmm and in the range of from 0 to 90% by weight of solid particles, based on total weight of asphaltenes-containing adhesive, with the proviso that the solid particles are not solely petroleum coke particles; an asphaltenes-containing adhesive; a process for re-cycling solid-state compositions and a process of crack-repair.

Abstract: Porous polyvinylarene particles having a apparent density do of 600 to 200 kg/m3, which particles contain a nucleating agent and 2.0% by weight or less, based on the amount of polyvinylarene, of a volatile organic blowing agent. The invention also relates to a process for the preparation of these particles as well as to the use of these particles in the preparation of expanded particles and foamed articles.