Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for measuring portions of a body are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a disposable subassembly and a reusable subassembly releasably coupled to the disposable subassembly. The disposable subassembly includes a flexible member for positioning relative to the portion of the body. The reusable subassembly includes an encoder for detecting movement of the flexible member, a processor operably coupled to the encoder for receiving data corresponding to a dimension of the portion of the body, and an output device operably coupled to the processor for sending data to an external device.

Abstract: Bicentric hinges for use in braces and methods for operating knee braces and other types of braces are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a hinge includes a plate, first and second members pivotally coupled to the plate, and a rocker coupled to the plate. The first member is pivotable about a first axis of rotation, and the second member is pivotable about a second axis of rotation spaced apart from the first axis of rotation. The second member is not directly engaged with the first member, and the first member may not be connected to a return mechanism that urges the first member to pivot about the first axis of rotation. The first member has a first recess, and the second member has a second recess. The rocker includes a head at least partially receivable in the first recess and/or the second recess to restrict rotation of one of the first and second members until the other has rotated.

Abstract: Braces for applying dynamic forces and methods for applying dynamic forces on limbs are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a brace has an upper frame, a lower frame, a hinge coupling the upper frame to the lower frame, a hydraulic pump, and a bladder. The upper frame is moveable relative to the lower frame. The hydraulic pump is coupled to the hinge, the upper frame or the lower frame. The hydraulic pump generates a fluid flow that flows into and expands the bladder. The bladder is positioned to apply a force to the limb as it expands.

Abstract: Power packs for use with bicentric hinges and methods for operating hinges are disclosed herein. In one embodiment of the invention, a power pack has a housing with a cavity and a piston disposed at least partially within the cavity. The housing has an attachment mechanism configured to attach the housing to a hinge. The piston has a head and an arm configured to be connected to the head and one of the hinge members. In one embodiment, the head is moveable about a first axis of rotation along a circular path through the cavity. An embodiment for operating the hinge includes rotating the first hinge member coupled to the piston about the first axis of rotation, displacing a fluid from the cavity to a fluid passageway as the piston rotates, and pivoting the second hinge member about a second axis of rotation.

Abstract: Bicentric hinges for use in braces and methods for operating knee braces and other types of braces are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a hinge includes a plate and first and second members rotatably coupled to the plate. The first member is rotatable about a first axis of rotation between a first position and a second position. The second member is rotatable about a second axis of rotation between a third position and a fourth position independent of the rotation of the first member about the first axis of rotation. The second axis of rotation is spaced apart from the first axis of rotation. The first and second members are configured to be attachable to a frame.

Abstract: Braces for applying dynamic forces and methods for applying dynamic forces on limbs are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a brace has an upper frame, a lower frame, a hinge coupling the upper frame to the lower frame, a hydraulic pump, and a bladder. The upper frame is moveable relative to the lower frame. The hydraulic pump is coupled to the hinge, the upper frame or the lower frame. The hydraulic pump generates a fluid flow that flows into and expands the bladder. The bladder is positioned to apply a force to the limb as it expands.

Abstract: Power packs for use with bicentric hinges and methods for operating hinges are disclosed herein. In one embodiment of the invention, a power pack has a housing with a cavity and a piston disposed at least partially within the cavity. The housing has an attachment mechanism configured to attach the housing to a hinge. The piston has a head and an arm configured to be connected to the head and one of the hinge members. In one embodiment, the head is moveable about a first axis of rotation along a circular path through the cavity. An embodiment for operating the hinge includes rotating the first hinge member coupled to the piston about the first axis of rotation, displacing a fluid from the cavity to a fluid passageway as the piston rotates, and pivoting the second hinge member about a second axis of rotation.

Abstract: Bicentric hinges for use in braces and methods for operating knee braces and other types of braces are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a hinge includes a plate and first and second members rotatably coupled to the plate. The first member is rotatable about a first axis of rotation between a first position and a second position. The second member is rotatable about a second axis of rotation between a third position and a fourth position independent of the rotation of the first member about the first axis of rotation. The second axis of rotation is spaced apart from the first axis of rotation. The first and second members are configured to be attachable to a frame.

Abstract: A socket interface sleeve is disclosed with a cylindrical member having an open end for receiving a limb, an opposing closed end, and a wall assembly comprised of a cushioning member formed from a polymeric gel. First and second fabric materials are disposed on the member to control support. The first material is elastically extensible in a first direction and is relatively elastically inextensible in a second direction, while the second material is extensible in the first direction and non-extensible in the second direction. In one embodiment, the first material is an elongated band extending the length of the sleeve. In a second embodiment, the first material extends from the midpoint to the end. In a third embodiment, the first material is uniformly elastic and extends from the opening to a midpoint of the sleeve.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for imaging a surface of a target object that produces a three-dimensional image of the target object without mechanical contact from a hand-held, free-motion scanner. In one embodiment, the apparatus has a scanner that an operator manually moves about the target object substantially without restriction. A noncontact distance measuring device is attached to the scanner to measure the distance between the scanner and the target object without mechanically contacting the target object. Additionally, a position tracking system detects the position and orientation of the scanner within the position reference field without mechanically restricting the scanner. In operation, a computer is operatively coupled to the position tracking system and the noncontact distance measuring device to correlate position measurements of the scanner with corresponding distance measurements between the scanner and the target object.

Abstract: A method of evaluating the vibration characteristics of a golf club comprises identifying the natural frequencies of vibration of the golf club through a pseudorandom vibrational excitation of the club. The club is then excited at least at some of the identified natural frequencies and the club head is observed under a strobe light to identify and locate on the face of the club head the node lines corresponding to the vibrational mode shape for these natural frequencies. The intersection pattern of the node lines as observed and mapped on the club face and the offset of this pattern from the presumed sweet spot provides important information as to the likely feel this particular golf club will have. In addition, a method of impacting a golf club at the sweet spot with a predetermined force is disclosed to simulate the impact of the club with a golf ball.

Abstract: A flexible tubular prosthetic pylon is formed by resin impregnated carbon fibers. The wall of the tubular pylon has a uniform thickness over most of its length to make the pylon relatively rigid. However, an annular band of the pylon wall adjacent one end is relatively thin to form a flexible portion at that end. During fitting of the pylon, the end of the pylon opposite the flexible portion is trimmed to a desired length. Since substantially all of the flexure of the pylon occurs in the flexible portion, trimming the opposite end does not affect the flexure characteristics of the pylon. The pylon is made by table rolling layers of pre-impregnated fibers around a mandrel, with a reduced number of layers in a band adjacent one end forming the relatively thin wall. The resulting laminate and mandrel are then placed in a mold having mold surfaces that replicate the outer surface of the pylon.

Abstract: A system for adjusting the angle between a pylon and prosthetic foot in either or both of the medial/lateral plane or the anterior/posterior plane by placing at least one wedge between the pylon and the prosthetic foot. A barrel nut mounted in the lower end of a prosthetic pylon mates with a bolt extending from the prosthetic foot to secure the foot to the pylon. The angle of the barrel nut is adjusted in the anterior/posterior plane so that a threaded bore of the barrel nut is aligned with the bolt as its angle varies according to the angle of the wedge positioned between the pylon and prosthetic foot. For the same reason, the position of the barrel nut in the medial/lateral plane may be adjusted.

Abstract: An improved method of making a bent graphite shaft in which a mandrel is provided as the basic form for forming the shaft. The mandrel includes a flexible portion at the location of the desired bend in the shaft. Graphite composite material is applied to the mandrel and to the flexible portion thereof. The flexible portion is then bent into a configuration which provides the desired bend, and the flexible portion is held in this configuration while the graphite composite material is cured in situ on the mandrel to form a rigid, graphite shaft. The mandrel is then slid out of the shaft with the flexible portion of the mandrel being sufficiently flexible to allow the mandrel to pass out of the shaft without fracturing the shaft.