Abstract: Payment providers interact with an online service provider using a standard interface provided by the online service provider for different payment providers. A payment provider can invoke the interface of the online service provider to add credits for a user of the online service provider. The online service provider allows users to make purchases using credits. The online service provider authorizes purchases made by the user based on credits available for the user or based on a history of payments from the user. The online service provider sends an invoice based on the purchases to the payment provider. The payment provider can be any system that can invoke the interface provided by the online service provider. For example, the payment provider can be a financial institution, another user, or a business that provides credits to the user for performing actions that benefit the business.

Abstract: Payment providers interact with an online service provider using a standard interface provided by the online service provider for different payment providers. A payment provider can invoke the interface of the online service provider to add credits for a user of the online service provider. The online service provider allows users to make purchases using credits. The online service provider authorizes purchases made by the user based on credits available for the user or based on a history of payments from the user. The online service provider sends an invoice based on the purchases to the payment provider. The payment provider can be any system that can invoke the interface provided by the online service provider. For example, the payment provider can be a financial institution, another user, or a business that provides credits to the user for performing actions that benefit the business.

Abstract: A method for design verification includes receiving a definition of a design of an integrated circuit device and at least one assertion of a property that is to be verified over the design. The definition is compiled into a graph of processing elements, including first processing elements that simulate operation of the device and at least one second processing element representing the at least one assertion. The at least one second processing element includes a hierarchical arrangement of at least one operator node and one or more leaf nodes corresponding to inputs of the at least one assertion. A simulation of the design is executed by triggering the processing elements in the graph in multiple, consecutive clock cycles and evaluating the property during execution of the simulation.

Abstract: A method for design verification includes receiving a definition of a design of an integrated circuit device and at least one assertion of a property that is to be verified over the design. The definition is compiled into a graph of processing elements, including first processing elements that simulate operation of the device and at least one second processing element representing the at least one assertion. The at least one second processing element includes a hierarchical arrangement of at least one operator node and one or more leaf nodes corresponding to inputs of the at least one assertion. A simulation of the design is executed by triggering the processing elements in the graph in multiple, consecutive clock cycles and evaluating the property during execution of the simulation.

Abstract: Techniques to allow a social networking system to facilitate management of relationships between service providers and users of the social networking system. In one embodiment, information regarding eligibility of a user to receive an offering of a service provider may be maintained. A request for the information regarding eligibility of the user from the service provider may be received. The information regarding eligibility of the user may be provided to the service provider. Provision of the information regarding eligibility of the user may be performed before at least a portion of the offering is provided by the service provider to the user.

Abstract: A virtual currency system keeps track of virtual credits, which can be owned, transferred, purchased, and sold by participants in a virtual economy. Each virtual credit has an internal value and an external value, which define, respectively, the exchange rates for creating and redeeming the virtual credits. Upon creation of new virtual credits, the internal value for those credits is the rate for which real currency was paid per credit. The external value sets the rate at which the virtual credits can be redeemed for real currency. Each virtual credit may further have a face value, which is an apparent value of the virtual credit within the virtual economy, giving users a baseline impression for valuing the virtual currency. These features of the virtual currency enable a number of useful actions within the virtual economy, including currency seeding, couponing, and chargebacks.

Abstract: A virtual currency system keeps track of virtual credits, which can be owned, transferred, purchased, and sold by participants in a virtual economy. Each virtual credit has an internal value and an external value, which define, respectively, the exchange rates for creating and redeeming the virtual credits. Upon creation of new virtual credits, the internal value for those credits is the rate for which real currency was paid per credit. The external value sets the rate at which the virtual credits can be redeemed for real currency. Each virtual credit may further have a face value, which is an apparent value of the virtual credit within the virtual economy, giving users a baseline impression for valuing the virtual currency. These features of the virtual currency enable a number of useful actions within the virtual economy, including currency seeding, couponing, and chargebacks.

Abstract: A virtual currency system keeps track of virtual credits, which can be owned, transferred, purchased, and sold by participants in a virtual economy. Each virtual credit has an internal value and an external value, which define, respectively, the exchange rates for creating and redeeming the virtual credits. Upon creation of new virtual credits, the internal value for those credits is the rate for which real currency was paid per credit. The external value sets the rate at which the virtual credits can be redeemed for real currency. Each virtual credit may further have a face value, which is an apparent value of the virtual credit within the virtual economy, giving users a baseline impression for valuing the virtual currency. These features of the virtual currency enable a number of useful actions within the virtual economy, including currency seeding, couponing, and chargebacks.

Abstract: Payment providers interact with an online service provider using a standard interface provided by the online service provider for different payment providers. A payment provider can invoke the interface of the online service provider to add credits for a user of the online service provider. The online service provider allows users to make purchases using credits. The online service provider authorizes purchases made by the user based on credits available for the user or based on a history of payments from the user. The online service provider sends an invoice based on the purchases to the payment provider. The payment provider can be any system that can invoke the interface provided by the online service provider. For example, the payment provider can be a financial institution, another user, or a business that provides credits to the user for performing actions that benefit the business.

Abstract: A virtual currency system keeps track of virtual credits, which can be owned, transferred, purchased, and sold by participants in a virtual economy. Each virtual credit has an internal value and an external value, which define, respectively, the exchange rates for creating and redeeming the virtual credits. Upon creation of new virtual credits, the internal value for those credits is the rate for which real currency was paid per credit. The external value sets the rate at which the virtual credits can be redeemed for real currency. Each virtual credit may further have a face value, which is an apparent value of the virtual credit within the virtual economy, giving users a baseline impression for valuing the virtual currency. These features of the virtual currency enable a number of useful actions within the virtual economy, including currency seeding, couponing, and chargebacks.

Abstract: A virtual currency system keeps track of virtual credits, which can be owned, transferred, purchased, and sold by participants in a virtual economy. Each virtual credit has an internal value and an external value, which define, respectively, the exchange rates for creating and redeeming the virtual credits. Upon creation of new virtual credits, the internal value for those credits is the rate for which real currency was paid per credit. The external value sets the rate at which the virtual credits can be redeemed for real currency. Each virtual credit may further have a face value, which is an apparent value of the virtual credit within the virtual economy, giving users a baseline impression for valuing the virtual currency. These features of the virtual currency enable a number of useful actions within the virtual economy, including currency seeding, couponing, and chargebacks.

Abstract: A virtual currency system keeps track of virtual credits, which can be owned, transferred, purchased, and sold by participants in a virtual economy. Each virtual credit has an internal value and an external value, which define, respectively, the exchange rates for creating and redeeming the virtual credits. Upon creation of new virtual credits, the internal value for those credits is the rate for which real currency was paid per credit. The external value sets the rate at which the virtual credits can be redeemed for real currency. Each virtual credit may further have a face value, which is an apparent value of the virtual credit within the virtual economy, giving users a baseline impression for valuing the virtual currency. These features of the virtual currency enable a number of useful actions within the virtual economy, including currency seeding, couponing, and chargebacks.

Abstract: An engine system comprises a first transfer positive displacement, volumetric device, at least one second positive displacement, volumetric device, and a transmission in engagement with two adjacent volumetric devices. The transmission has a ratio designed to cause the at least one second volumetric device to rotate at a higher angular velocity than the first volumetric device, inducing expansion of a compressible fluid during continuous flow from the first volumetric device to the at least one second volumetric device while performing work.

Abstract: An engine system is disclosed which comprises a first volumetric device, at least one second volumetric device, and a transmission in engagement with two adjacent volumetric devices. The transmission has a ratio designed to cause the at least one second volumetric device to rotate at a higher angular velocity than the first volumetric device, inducing expansion of a compressible fluid during continuous flow from the first volumetric device to the at least one second volumetric device while performing work.