Abstract: A method and system for blockchain-based data management is provided. The method includes receiving first data of a first category; recording the first data on a first tree based on a first index, the first index including a first key and a first serial number, the first key associated with the first category and the first serial number indicating a sequential count of the first data being of the first category and recorded on the first tree; obtaining a first slice partitioned from the first tree and associated with the first index; generating a first root hash of the first tree and storing the first root hash by a blockchain; and storing a first proof in an off-chain database, where the first proof includes the first slice partitioned from the first tree.

Abstract: A data processing method performed by a security protocol device is provided. The data processing method includes assigning each of a plurality of leaf nodes of a binary tree stored in a database device an identification number; and performing a first procedure in a case that the security protocol device receives first record data and first identification data of the first record data from a terminal apparatus, the first procedure including: determining a first identification number from the first identification data; storing a hash value of the first record data into a first leaf node of the binary tree identified by the first identification number; generating at least one slice of the binary tree; uploading a root hash value of the binary tree to a blockchain device; and transmitting a first slice to the terminal apparatus, the first slice including the first leaf node. A security protocol device using the same is also provided.

Abstract: A blockchain-based digital asset access method is provided. The method includes: receiving an access request for a digital token from a user, with the digital token corresponding to a digital asset; examining the user's rights to the digital token according to the access request; obtaining the digital asset and its corresponding attestation result based on the rights of the user; verifying the obtained digital asset with the blockchain using the attestation result, to obtain a verification result; and determining whether to perform an operation corresponding to the digital asset based on the verification result. In addition, an electronic device and a non-transitory computer-readable medium utilizing the aforementioned method are also disclosed.

Abstract: A data processing method performed by a security protocol device is provided. The data processing method includes assigning each of a plurality of leaf nodes of a binary tree stored in a database device an identification number; and performing a first procedure in a case that the security protocol device receives first record data and first identification data of the first record data from a terminal apparatus, the first procedure including: determining a first identification number from the first identification data; storing a hash value of the first record data into a first leaf node of the binary tree identified by the first identification number; generating at least one slice of the binary tree; uploading a root hash value of the binary tree to a blockchain device; and transmitting a first slice to the terminal apparatus, the first slice including the first leaf node. A security protocol device using the same is also provided.

Abstract: A verification system and method for cooperating with a blockchain and off-chain devices is provided. The system includes a security protocol device, a blockchain device, and a database device. The security protocol device receives and integrates the record data into a binary tree according to a hash function. Hash values of the record data are stored in the leaf nodes. The blockchain device is at the blockchain and communicates with the security protocol device. The security protocol device transmits the root hash to the blockchain device. The database device communicates with the security protocol device in an off-chain manner. The security protocol device stores the binary tree to the database device. The security protocol device compares the root hash from the blockchain device with the root hash of the binary tree stored in the database device to verify the correctness of the binary tree stored in the database device.

Abstract: A verification system and method for chaining data are provided. The system includes a security protocol device, a blockchain device, and a database device. The security protocol device receives record data and integrates the record data into binary trees. Each binary tree includes a root and leaf nodes. The security protocol device transmits root hashes of the roots to the blockchain device at a blockchain. The blockchain device includes a chain data string including data sets chained in a series manner. Each data set includes a root hash and a corresponding chain hash. The chain hash of each data set is related to the root hash and the chain hash of the previous data set. The chain hash of the first data set is related to an initial chain hash. The security protocol device stores the binary trees and the initial chain hash to an off-chain database device.

Abstract: A data encryption and decryption method is provided. The method is used in a data encryption and decryption system and includes: establishing, by a data encryption and decryption device, a first secure sockets layer (SSL) connection with a mobile device; receiving a data transmitted from the mobile device; generating a first symmetric key, encrypting the data using the first symmetric key, and generating first encrypted data; encrypting the first symmetric key using a first public key, and generating a first encrypted key; and transmitting the first encrypted data and the first encrypted key to the mobile device.

Abstract: A verification system and method for chaining data are provided. The system includes a security protocol device, a blockchain device, and a database device. The security protocol device receives record data and integrates the record data into binary trees. Each binary tree includes a root and leaf nodes. The security protocol device transmits root hashes of the roots to the blockchain device at a blockchain. The blockchain device includes a chain data string including data sets chained in a series manner. Each data set includes a root hash and a corresponding chain hash. The chain hash of each data set is related to the root hash and the chain hash of the previous data set. The chain hash of the first data set is related to an initial chain hash. The security protocol device stores the binary trees and the initial chain hash to an off-chain database device.

Abstract: A verification system and method for cooperating with a blockchain and off-chain devices is provided. The system includes a security protocol device, a blockchain device, and a database device. The security protocol device receives and integrates the record data into a binary tree according to a hash function. Hash values of the record data are stored in the leaf nodes. The blockchain device is at the blockchain and communicates with the security protocol device. The security protocol device transmits the root hash to the blockchain device. The database device communicates with the security protocol device in an off-chain manner. The security protocol device stores the binary tree to the database device. The security protocol device compares the root hash from the blockchain device with the root hash of the binary tree stored in the database device to verify the correctness of the binary tree stored in the database device.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method, a device and a system of a distributed financial flows auditing. The distributed financial flows auditing method includes: providing a balance information of a physical currency exchange receipt or a balance information of a virtual currency related to an user and stored as a first indexed merkle tree, and providing a to-be-audited information of a trade related to the balance information and stored as a second indexed merkle tree; and the user compares the balance information and the to-be-audited information. The method further includes a communication protocol existed between the user and the market intermediary, an evidence protocol existed between the plurality of the users, and a settlement protocol existed at least between the first indexed merkle tree and the second indexed merkle tree when each of the stages is completed.

Abstract: A data encryption and decryption method is provided. The method is used in a data encryption and decryption system and includes: establishing, by a data encryption and decryption device, a first secure sockets layer (SSL) connection with a mobile device; receiving a data transmitted from the mobile device; generating a first symmetric key, encrypting the data using the first symmetric key, and generating first encrypted data; encrypting the first symmetric key using a first public key, and generating a first encrypted key; and transmitting the first encrypted data and the first encrypted key to the mobile device.

Abstract: A distributed auditing method includes the steps of providing a to-be-audited information stored by using a hash tree method, wherein the to-be-audited information is related to a plurality of user ends; utilizing a processor, creating a condensed status code according to the to-be-audited information by using a hash function; corresponding to the user ends, creating a plurality of slices according to the to-be-audited information; providing the condensed status code and each of the plurality of slices to each of the corresponding plurality of user ends respectively; and auditing the to-be-audited information according to feedbacks from each of the plurality user ends. A distributed auditing device and its system are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for auditing cloud access in real time includes steps of Step 1: client obtains necessary information from a synchronization server (SYS), by executing a library comprising index function ? required by program, and saving a root hash value R of a fully binary hash tree (FBHTREE) in SYS; Step 2: the client obtains leave node position corresponding to FBHTREE and corresponding tree node position by inputting an index function ? via file absolute path; Step 3: obtaining slice of FBHTREE based on the leave node position in Step 2; Step 4: performing a hash computation on tree node position in the slice and hash value saved at another tree node position to obtain hash value of tree node position of one previous level till root hash value Y is obtained; Step 5: comparing the hash value Y and the root hash value R saved by the client.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-user network-transparent audio system (MuNAS) on UNIX-based operating systems. The implementation of the MuNAS includes making some audio data relays for users, embedding a system-call serializer in the kernel of the UNIX operating system, and executing daemon processes in the audio-sending and audio-receiving computers. In addition to basic network audio functionality of transmitting audio data through a network connection and playing it from another computer, the system of the present invention has the following features. First, it is designed to work on multi-user operating systems: several users can activate the network audio system by executing their own audio applications in the same computer and their audio data can be forwarded to different computers simultaneously. Second, existing audio applications do not need to be modified or recompiled, and no additional libraries are required.

Abstract: A multiple-application-server architecture model for thin-client/server (denoted MAS TC/S) is provided to allow users with thin-client devices to roam around a wide area network while experiencing transparent working environment. The MAS TC/S system includes major components of a display protocol, a multiple-application-server network, an application-server discovery protocol and a distributed file system. The application-server discovery protocol identifies the most appropriate application server for a thin-client device to connect to. The distributed file system includes a data-mining-based intelligent prefetching mechanism allowing achieving a working environment with access, location, and mobility transparencies in an efficient way for prompt service.