Abstract: A method of manufacturing an MRAM device includes sequentially forming a first insulating interlayer and an etch-stop layer on a substrate. A lower electrode is formed through the etch-stop layer and the first insulating interlayer. An MTJ structure layer and an upper electrode are sequentially formed on the lower electrode and the etch-stop layer. The MTJ structure layer is patterned by a physical etching process using the upper electrode as an etching mask to form an MTJ structure at least partially contacting the lower electrode. The first insulating interlayer is protected by the etch-stop layer so not to be etched by the physical etching process.

Abstract: A resistive-type memory device is disclosed. The resistive-type memory device includes a memory cell array and a control logic circuit. The control logic circuit accesses the memory cell array in response to a command and an address provided from an outside. The memory cell array includes at least a first group of resistive-type memory cells and a second group of resistive-type memory cells. Each of the first group of resistive-type memory cells has a first feature size and each of the second group of resistive-type memory cells has a second feature size that is different from the first feature size.

Abstract: Magnetic random access memory (MRAM)-based frame buffering apparatus are provided that may reduce a size and power consumption thereof by using a pixel self-refresh (PSR) method. The MRAM-based frame buffering apparatus includes a frame buffer memory including magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The frame buffer memory stores at least one piece of frame data. The MRAM-based frame buffering apparatus further includes a magnetic field sensor configured to detect an external magnetic field; and a frame buffer controller configured to control the storing of the at least one piece of frame data according to the intensity of the detected external magnetic field.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a memory device, in which memory cells are arranged to have a low variation in electrical characteristics and thereby enhanced reliability, an electronic apparatus including the memory device, and a method of manufacturing the memory device. In the memory device, memory cells at different levels may be covered with spacers having different thicknesses, and this may control resistance characteristics (e.g., set resistance) of the memory cells and to reduce a vertical variation in electrical characteristics of the memory cells. Furthermore, by adjusting the thicknesses of the spacers, a sensing margin of the memory cells may increase.

Abstract: A memory device may include a substrate, a first conductive line on the substrate and extending in a first direction, a second conductive line over the first conductive line and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, a third conductive line over the second conductive line and extending in the first direction, a first memory cell at an intersection of the first conductive line and the second conductive line and including a first selection element layer and a first variable resistance layer, and a second memory cell at an intersection of the second conductive line and the third conductive line and including a second selection element layer and a second variable resistance layer. A first height of the first selection element layer in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions is different than a second height of the second selection element layer in the third direction.

Abstract: A plurality of first conductive patterns is disposed on a substrate. Each of the plurality of first conductive patterns extends in a first direction. A first selection pattern is disposed on each of the plurality of first conductive patterns. A first barrier portion surrounds the first selection pattern. A first electrode and a first variable resistance pattern are disposed on the first selection pattern. A plurality of second conductive patterns is disposed on the first variable resistance pattern.

Abstract: The semiconductor device includes a plurality of first conductive patterns on a substrate, a first selection pattern on each of the plurality of first conductive patterns, a first structure on the first selection pattern, a plurality of second conductive patterns on the first structures, a second selection pattern on each of the plurality of second conductive patterns, a second structure on the second selection pattern, and a plurality of third conductive patterns on the second structures. Each of the plurality of first conductive patterns may extend in a first direction. The first structure may include a first variable resistance pattern and a first heating electrode. The first variable resistance pattern and the first heating electrode may contact each other to have a first contact area therebetween. Each of the plurality of second conductive patterns may extend in a second direction crossing the first direction.

Abstract: Disclosed are a semiconductor memory device and a method of manufacturing the same. A first conductive line extends in a first direction on a substrate and has a plurality of protrusions and recesses that are alternately formed thereon. A second conductive line is arranged over the first conductive line in a second direction such that the first and the second conductive lines cross at the protrusions. A plurality of memory cell structures is positioned on the protrusions of the first conductive line and is contact with the second conductive line. A thermal insulating plug is positioned on the recesses of the first conductive line and reduces heat transfer between a pair of the neighboring cell structures in the first direction. Accordingly, the heat cross talk is reduced between the neighboring cell structures along the conductive line.

Abstract: A variable resistance memory device includes first memory cells and second memory cells. The first memory cells are between first and second conductive lines, and at areas at which the first and second conductive lines overlap. The second memory cells are between the second and third conductive lines, and at areas at which the second and third conductive lines overlap. Each first memory cell includes a first variable resistance pattern and a first selection pattern. Each second memory cell includes a second variable resistance pattern and a second selection pattern. At least one of the second memory cells is shifted from a closest one of the first memory cells.

Abstract: A memory device may include a substrate, a first conductive line on the substrate and extending in a first direction, a second conductive line over the first conductive line and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, a third conductive line over the second conductive line and extending in the first direction, a first memory cell at an intersection of the first conductive line and the second conductive line and including a first selection element layer and a first variable resistance layer, and a second memory cell at an intersection of the second conductive line and the third conductive line and including a second selection element layer and a second variable resistance layer. A first height of the first selection element layer in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions is different than a second height of the second selection element layer in the third direction.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first electrode line layer including a plurality of first electrode lines extending on a substrate in a first direction and being spaced apart from each other, a second electrode line layer including a plurality of second electrode lines extending on the first electrode line layer in a second direction that is different from the first direction and being spaced apart from each other, and a memory cell layer including a plurality of first memory cells located at a plurality of intersections between the plurality of first electrode lines and the plurality of second electrode lines, each first memory cell including a selection device layer, an intermediate electrode and a variable resistance layer that are sequentially stacked. A side surface of the variable resistance layer is perpendicular to a top surface of the substrate or inclined to be gradually wider toward an upper portion of the variable resistance layer.

Abstract: A memory device including first conductive lines spaced apart from each other and extending in a first direction; second conductive lines spaced apart from each other and extending in a second direction that is different from the first direction; first memory cells having a structure that includes a selection device layer, a middle electrode layer, a variable resistance layer, and a top electrode layer; and insulating structures arranged alternately with the first memory cells in the second direction under the second conductive lines, wherein the first insulating structures have a top surface that is higher than a top surface of the first top electrode layer, and the second conductive lines have a structure that includes convex and concave portions, the convex portions being connected to the top surface of the top electrode layer and the concave portions accommodating the insulating structures between the convex portions.

Abstract: Provided are a memory device and a method of manufacturing the same. Memory cells of the memory device are formed separately from first electrode lines and second electrode lines, wherein the second electrode lines over the memory cells are formed by a damascene process, thereby avoiding complications associated with CMP being excessively or insufficiently performed on an insulation layer over the memory cells.

Abstract: A memory device may include a substrate, a first conductive line on the substrate and extending in a first direction, a second conductive line over the first conductive line and extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, a third conductive line over the second conductive line and extending in the first direction, a first memory cell at an intersection of the first conductive line and the second conductive line and including a first selection element layer and a first variable resistance layer, and a second memory cell at an intersection of the second conductive line and the third conductive line and including a second selection element layer and a second variable resistance layer. A first height of the first selection element layer in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions is different than a second height of the second selection element layer in the third direction.

Abstract: A variable resistance memory device and a method of manufacturing the same, the device including first conductive lines disposed in a first direction on a substrate, each of the first conductive lines extending in a second direction crossing the first direction, and the first and second directions being parallel to a top surface of the substrate; second conductive lines disposed in the second direction over the first conductive lines, each of the second conductive lines extending in the first direction; a memory unit between the first and second conductive lines, the memory unit being in each area overlapping the first and second conductive lines in a third direction substantially perpendicular to the top surface of the substrate, and the memory unit including a variable resistance pattern; and an insulation layer structure between the first and second conductive lines, the insulation layer structure covering the memory unit and including an air gap in at least a portion of an area overlapping neither the fir

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a memory device, in which memory cells are arranged to have a low variation in electrical characteristics and thereby enhanced reliability, an electronic apparatus including the memory device, and a method of manufacturing the memory device. In the memory device, memory cells at different levels may be covered with spacers having different thicknesses, and this may control resistance characteristics (e.g., set resistance) of the memory cells and to reduce a vertical variation in electrical characteristics of the memory cells. Furthermore, by adjusting the thicknesses of the spacers, a sensing margin of the memory cells may increase.

Abstract: The inventive concept provides a memory device, in which memory cells are arranged to have a low variation in electrical characteristics and thereby enhanced reliability, an electronic apparatus including the memory device, and a method of manufacturing the memory device. In the memory device, memory cells at different levels may be covered with spacers having different thicknesses, and this may control resistance characteristics (e.g., set resistance) of the memory cells and to reduce a vertical variation in electrical characteristics of the memory cells. Furthermore, by adjusting the thicknesses of the spacers, a sensing margin of the memory cells may increase.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a shorted variable resistor element in a memory cell. The semiconductor memory device includes main cells and reference cells each including a cell transistor and a variable resistor element. The variable resistor element of the reference cell is shorted by applying a breakdown voltage of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) element, connection in parallel to a conductive via element, connection to a reference bit line at a node between the cell transistor and the variable resistor element, or replacement of the variable resistor element with the conductive via element. A sense amplifier increases a sensing margin of the main cell by detecting and amplifying a current flowing in a bit line of the main cell and a current flowing in the reference bit line to which a reference resistor is connected.

Abstract: A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structure includes a fixed layer pattern structure having a perpendicular magnetization direction, a tunnel barrier pattern on the fixed layer pattern structure, a free layer pattern on the tunnel barrier pattern, the free layer pattern having a perpendicular magnetization direction, a first surface magnetism induction pattern on the free layer pattern, the first surface magnetism induction pattern inducing a perpendicular magnetism in a surface of the free layer pattern, a conductive pattern on the first surface magnetism induction pattern, and a ferromagnetic pattern on the conductive pattern.

Abstract: A magnetoresistive memory device includes a lower electrode on a substrate, a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) structure on the lower electrode, and a mask structure. The MTJ structure includes a lower magnetic pattern, a tunnel barrier pattern, and an upper magnetic pattern which are stacked. The mask structure includes an upper electrode and a sidewall capping pattern enclosing a sidewall of the upper electrode.