Abstract: A start control system of a fuel cell includes: a fuel cell configured to generate power upon receiving air and fuel; an air supply system configured to supply air to a cathode of the fuel cell through an air supply line; a fuel supply system configured to supply fuel to an anode of the fuel cell through a fuel supply line that re-circulates fuel discharged from an outlet of the anode of the fuel cell to an inlet of the anode to supply fuel; an air controller configured to control the air supply system such that air flowing into the air supply line bypasses the cathode of the fuel cell when a start ON signal is input; and a fuel controller configured to supply new fuel to the fuel supply line and to control the fuel supply system to purge fuel of the fuel supply line.

Abstract: A method of distributing power in a fuel cell system including a plurality of fuel cell stacks, includes determining, by a controller, a total system power demand, which is a power demand of the fuel cell system, determining an operation order of the fuel cell stacks based on a state of the fuel cell stacks, determining the number of operation fuel cell stacks among the plurality of fuel cell stacks based on the total system power demand and an average available power of the fuel cell stacks, determining operation target fuel cell stacks based on the operation order of the fuel cell stacks and the number of operation fuel cell stacks, and determining a power demand of each of the operation target fuel cell stacks based on the total system power demand and an effective catalyst reaction area ratio of each fuel cell stack included in the operation target fuel cell stacks.

Abstract: Provides are an organic electric element and an electronic device thereof including at least one of the compounds represented by Formula 1 and Formula 2 in the light-emitting auxiliary layer, and at least one of the compounds represented by Formula 3 and Formula 4 in the light-emitting layer, wherein the driving voltage of the organic electric element can be lowered and the efficiency and lifespan thereof can be improved by the compounds included in the light-emitting auxiliary layer and the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A root cause analysis system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: an Analysis tool calculator that operates in a microservice environment and calculates a corresponding analysis tool, which is a member of analyzing a root cause of target software, based on comparison software configured of corresponding independent modules, which are independent modules classified by function to correspond to the target software, which is software to be analyzed; and a Cause analyser that analyzes the root cause of an abnormal operation occurring in the target software using the corresponding analysis tool.

Abstract: A calculation system that calculates a usage right for resources of a cloud server by a user using a cloud service according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a reception module that generates analysis activity information, which is activity information generated while the user uses the cloud server, in order to determine the usage right; a right module that uses a predetermined analysis method based on the analysis activity information to calculate a corresponding right, which is the usage right corresponding to the analysis activity information and applicable only to a specific user; and a transmission module that transmits a recommendation right calculated utilizing the corresponding right through a predetermined path.

Abstract: The present disclosure may provide a display device and a method for manufacturing the same. According to one or more embodiments, a display device includes a pixel electrode above a substrate, a light-emitting element above the pixel electrode, and including a first semiconductor layer, an active layer, a second semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer in sequence, the third semiconductor layer defining a recess exposing a portion of the second semiconductor layer, a via layer above the substrate, and surrounding at least a portion of the light-emitting element, and a common electrode above the light-emitting element and the via layer, and directly contacting the second semiconductor layer through the recess.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an integrated housing capable of integrally connecting several components of a water supply module, and the water supply module including same. According to the present disclosure, hoses or pipes are removed or a pipe length is reduced through the integration of components constituting a cooling system, and thus a reduction in size and weight can be promoted.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a polymer and a positive photosensitive composition which have increased mechanical properties, a cured film, a protective film, an insulating film, and a semiconductor device which are manufactured therefrom; and a method of synthesizing a polymer and a method for producing a positive photosensitive composition, for providing a display device.

Abstract: A semiconductor device has a substrate and an electrical component disposed over a surface of the substrate. An antenna interposer is disposed over the substrate. A first encapsulant is deposited around the antenna interposer. The first encapsulant has a high dielectric constant. The antenna interposer has a conductive layer operating as an antenna and an insulating layer having a low dielectric constant less than the high dielectric constant of the first encapsulant. The antenna interposer is made from an antenna substrate having a plurality of antenna interposers. Bumps are formed over the antenna substrate and the antenna substrate is singulated to make the plurality of antenna interposers. A second encapsulant is deposited over the electrical component. The second encapsulant has a low dielectric constant less than the high dielectric constant of the first encapsulant. A shielding layer is disposed over the second encapsulant.

Abstract: Provided are a novel compound which can improve the luminous efficiency, stability, and service life of an element; an organic electronic element using same, and an electronic device thereof.

Abstract: Provided is a method of fabricating a semiconductor package. The method of fabricating the semiconductor package include preparing a lower element including a lower substrate, a lower electrode, an UBM layer, and a reducing agent layer, providing an upper element including an upper substrate, an upper electrode, and a solder bump layer, providing a pressing member on the upper substrate to press the upper substrate to the lower substrate, and providing a laser beam passing through the pressing member to bond the upper element to the lower element.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a memory system and an operating method of the memory system. In one aspect, a memory system is provided to comprise a memory device including a plurality of memory dies, each memory die including a plurality of memory blocks for storing data and different groups of memory blocks form one or more super blocks; and a memory controller in communication with the memory device and configured to count the number of super blocks in an erase state included in each memory die to identify a first memory die having the smallest number of super blocks in the erase state and a second memory die having the largest number of super blocks in the erase state, and move data stored in a first super block included in the first memory die to a second super block included in the second memory die.

Abstract: The fuel cell start control system includes a plurality of fuel cell stacks configured to generate power by receiving air and fuel, a power storage device connected to a bidirectional converter and configured to be charged by generated power of a respective fuel cell stack or configured to supply power, and includes a controller configured to control a start of a fuel cell stack among the plurality of fuel cell stacks which satisfies a start condition based on a fuel cell stack starting request, the controller configured to control a start of at least one fuel cell stack based on generated power of the fuel cell stack or charged power of at least one power storage device.

Abstract: An apparatus of controlling a multi-module fuel cell system, a system including the same, and a method thereof are provided. A first controller individually monitors at least one of an amount of accumulated power or an accumulated driving time of one or more fuel cell stacks and a second controller is configured to control power of each of the one or more, based on the amount of monitored individual accumulated power or the monitored individual accumulated driving time of the one or more fuel cell stacks depending on required power. Stack durability is ensured by controlling distribution of the fuel cell stacks.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a cold start and a cold shutdown (CSD) of a fuel cell system and a method thereof are provided. A monitoring device may individually monitor at least one of an amount of accumulated power and/or an accumulated driving time of one or more fuel cell stacks. A controller may select a representative fuel cell stack among the one or more fuel cell stacks, based on the amount of accumulated power and/or the amount of accumulated driving time, performs a cold start of the representative fuel cell stack, and perform cold starts of the remaining fuel cell stacks, using power of the representative fuel cell stack after the cold start of the selected representative fuel cell stack is completed. The apparatus makes power used for a cold start and a CSD highly efficient.

Abstract: A memory controller controls a memory device including memory blocks, and can equalize wear levels of cores for controlling memory devices. The memory controller includes: cores for controlling the zones; a reset information controller for generating reset count values representing a number of reset requests input with respect to the zones, in response to a reset request, and generating reset count sum values obtained by summing reset count values of zones controlled by each of the cores; and a wear level manager for controlling the cores such that a core that is different from a first core having a highest reset count sum value from among the cores controls some of zones controlled by the first core according to whether a difference value between the highest reset count sum value and a lowest reset count sum value from among the reset count sum values exceeds a threshold difference value.

Abstract: A method of distributing power in a fuel cell system including a plurality of fuel cell stacks, includes determining, by a controller, a total system power demand, which is a power demand of the fuel cell system, determining an operation order of the fuel cell stacks based on a state of the fuel cell stacks, determining the number of operation fuel cell stacks among the plurality of fuel cell stacks based on the total system power demand and an average available power of the fuel cell stacks, determining operation target fuel cell stacks based on the operation order of the fuel cell stacks and the number of operation fuel cell stacks, and determining a power demand of each of the operation target fuel cell stacks based on the total system power demand and an effective catalyst reaction area ratio of each fuel cell stack included in the operation target fuel cell stacks.

Abstract: A method of preparing a polyvinyl alcohol nanofiber membrane includes a material for controlling cell specific adhesion, and a nanofiber membrane that can maintain cellular functions such as cell activity and growth is prepared by adding aqueous solutions containing a polyacrylic acid and a glutaraldehyde crosslinking agent in a polyvinyl alcohol and materials capable of enhancing or regulating cell adhesion, electrospinning, treating with hydrochloric acid vapor and dimethylformaldehyde solvent and treating with sodium hydroxide to control the cell adhesion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a memory system and an operating method of the memory system. In one aspect, a memory system is provided to comprise a memory device including a plurality of memory dies, each memory die including a plurality of memory blocks for storing data and different groups of memory blocks form one or more super blocks; and a memory controller in communication with the memory device and configured to count the number of super blocks in an erase state included in each memory die to identify a first memory die having the smallest number of super blocks in the erase state and a second memory die having the largest number of super blocks in the erase state, and move data stored in a first super block included in the first memory die to a second super block included in the second memory die.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for inhibiting the toxicity with respect to nanoparticles and particulate matters generated from the environment. Since it has been confirmed that a decrease in intracellular ATP, a decrease in cell viability, inflammation-induced morphological changes in cells and cell activation, which are induced by nanoparticles or environmentally-derived particulate matters, are inhibited by means of the composition of the present invention, the composition may be utilized as a reducing substance for the toxicity of nanoparticles and particulate matters.