Abstract: Provided is a method for forming graphene nanoholes to form nonoholes in a graphene sheet, the method comprising a process (a) of forming a functional group-bonded region in a graphene sheet, and a process (b) of heating the graphene sheet having the functional group-bonded region to remove the functional group-bonded region to form nanoholes.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a transition metal chalcogenide thin-film and the method includes preparing a first substrate having formed thereon a transition metal-containing precursor thin-film; displacing a second substrate separately with a constant distance from the first substrate by using a bridge unit while the second substrate is facing the first substrate, thereby securing a gas flowing path between the first substrate and the second substrate; heating the first and second substrates to a reaction temperature; and introducing a chalcogen-containing gas from an end of a reactor, such that the chalcogen-containing gas flows via the path.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode device is disclosed. The organic light emitting diode device includes a color calibration layer which is applied to the white sub-pixel. The color calibration layer selectively absorbs light in a given wavelength region thereby increasing luminance due to the white sub-pixel while simultaneously preventing the deformation of white color coordination. The contrast ratio may also be improved by reducing the reflection of external light, thereby minimizing the need for a polarizer, and the thickness of the device may thus be decreased and processing costs may be reduced.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a transition metal chalcogenide thin-film and the method includes preparing a first substrate having formed thereon a transition metal-containing precursor thin-film; displacing a second substrate separately with a constant distance from the first substrate by using a bridge unit while the second substrate is facing the first substrate, thereby securing a gas flowing path between the first substrate and the second substrate; heating the first and second substrates to a reaction temperature; and introducing a chalcogen-containing gas from an end of a reactor, such that the chalcogen-containing gas flows via the path.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the OLED device includes: i) a substrate and ii) a first thin film formed on the substrate, wherein the first thin film comprises first and second surfaces opposing each other, wherein the first surface contacts the substrate, and wherein a plurality of protrusions and depressions are alternately formed on the second surface of the first thin film. The OLED device may further include a second thin film formed on the protrusions and depressions of the first thin film, a first electrode formed on the second thin film, a light emitting member formed on the first electrode and a second electrode formed on the organic light emitting member.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a first light emitting unit and a second light emitting unit positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, a charge generation layer positioned between the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit, and a charge balance layer positioned adjacent to charge generation layer and including a lithium-containing compound.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device having increased outcoupling efficiency, a lighting apparatus including the organic light emitting device, and an organic light emitting display apparatus including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device includes a substrate, a first electrode layer that is uniformly patterned on the substrate, a low refractive conductive layer disposed on the first electrode layer, and having a conductive material with a lower refractive index than a refractive index of an organic layer that is disposed on the low refractive conductive layer, and a second electrode layer formed on the organic layer.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) includes a base substrate, an electrical wiring, a dummy pad and a thermally conductive adhesion member. The base substrate includes a light-emitting diode (LED) mounted on a first surface of the base substrate. The electrical wiring is electrically connected to the LED. The dummy pad is formed on the first surface to be connected to the electrical wiring. The thermally conductive adhesion member is attached to a second surface of the base substrate. Therefore, superior heat radiation may be obtained, thereby reducing or preventing damage to the LED and the LCD device using the LED by radiating the heat from the LED used as a light source.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode device comprises a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a first light emitting unit and a second light emitting unit positioned between the first electrode and the second electrode, a charge generation layer positioned between the first light emitting unit and the second light emitting unit, and a charge balance layer positioned adjacent to charge generation layer and including a lithium-containing compound.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device includes a substrate, a first electrode layer on the substrate, a patterned refractive layer on the first electrode layer, a taper angle between a patterned end of the refractive layer and a surface of the first electrode being about 20 to about 60 degrees, the refractive layer including a material having a different refractive index than at least one of the first electrode layer and an organic light-emitting layer, the organic light-emitting layer that covers the refractive layer and is on the first electrode, the organic light-emitting layer contacting the patterned end of the refractive layer, and a second electrode layer on the organic light-emitting layer.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode device is disclosed. The organic light emitting diode device includes a color calibration layer which is applied to the white sub-pixel. The color calibration layer selectively absorbs light in a given wavelength region thereby increasing luminance due to the white sub-pixel while simultaneously preventing the deformation of white color coordination. The contrast ratio may also be improved by reducing the reflection of external light, thereby minimizing the need for a polarizer, and the thickness of the device may thus be decreased and processing costs may be reduced.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device having increased outcoupling efficiency, a lighting apparatus including the organic light emitting device, and an organic light emitting display apparatus including the organic light emitting device. The organic light emitting device includes a substrate, a first electrode layer that is uniformly patterned on the substrate, a low refractive conductive layer disposed on the first electrode layer, and having a conductive material with a lower refractive index than a refractive index of an organic layer that is disposed on the low refractive conductive layer, and a second electrode layer formed on the organic layer.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) device is disclosed. In one embodiment, the OLED device includes: i) a substrate and ii) a first thin film formed on the substrate, wherein the first thin film comprises first and second surfaces opposing each other, wherein the first surface contacts the substrate, and wherein a plurality of protrusions and depressions are alternately formed on the second surface of the first thin film. The OLED device may further include a second thin film formed on the protrusions and depressions of the first thin film, a first electrode formed on the second thin film, a light emitting member formed on the first electrode and a second electrode formed on the organic light emitting member.

Abstract: A printed circuit board (PCB) includes a base substrate, an electrical wiring, a dummy pad and a thermally conductive adhesion member. The base substrate includes a light-emitting diode (LED) mounted on a first surface of the base substrate. The electrical wiring is electrically connected to the LED. The dummy pad is formed on the first surface to be connected to the electrical wiring. The thermally conductive adhesion member is attached to a second surface of the base substrate. Therefore, superior heat radiation may be obtained, thereby reducing or preventing damage to the LED and the LCD device using the LED by radiating the heat from the LED used as a light source.